Potential Antioxidant Activity of Kedondong Leaves (Spondias dulcis Forst.) Using DPPH Method (1,1-Diphenyl-2- Pikril Hydrazil)
Abstract
Background: Antioxidants are substances that can reduce free radicals to protect the body's biological systems from adverse effects arising from processes or reactions that cause excess oxidants. Kedondong leaves (Spondias dulcis Forst.) contain flavonoids, tannins, and alkaloids, which have the potential to act as antioxidants. Objective: To determine the antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate and 95% ethanol extracts from kedondong leaves. Methods: The antioxidant activity was tested using the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method, a free radical stable in an aqueous solution. Each extract was tested for its antioxidant activity with a comparison compound, vitamin C, using a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results of the antioxidant activity test revealed the IC50 (inhibitory concentration) value, namely the concentration of antioxidant compounds capable of inhibiting DPPH free radical activity by 50%. Result: The ethyl acetate extract has weak antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 194.123 ppm, the 95% ethanol extract has very weak antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 553.3694 ppm, and vitamin C, as a comparison, has very strong antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 4.7805 ppm. Conclusion: Kedondong leaves have potential antioxidant activity but are very small.
Keywords:
Antioxidant, IC50, DPPH, Kedondong Leaves (Spondias dulcis Forst)
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References
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Purwaningsih, S. (2012). Aktivitas antioksidan dan komposisi kimia keong matah merah (Cerithidea obtusa). Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan, 17(1), 39-48.
Rezaldi, F., Khodijah, S., & US, S. (2022). Formulasi dan Uji Efektivitas Sediaan Sirup Ekstrak Daun Kacapiring (Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis) Sebagai Antipiretik Terhadap Mencit (Mus musculus L) YANG DI INDUKSI VAKSIN DPT. Jurnal Biogenerasi, 7(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.30605/biogenerasi.v7i1.1555.
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Saefudin., Marusin, S., Chairul, S. (2013). Aktivitas Antioksidan Pada Enam Jenis Tumbuhan Sterculiaceae. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan. 31(2):103-109. https://doi.org/10.20886/jphh.2013.31.2.103-109.
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Syamsul, ES., Supomo., Jubaidah,S., Wijaya, H., Lestari, D., Poddar.S. (2022). Antioxidant Activity Test of Red Pidada Leaves (Sonneratia caseolaris L.) using ABTS Method (2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolin)-6-sulfonicacid). Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology.15(9):3957-1. https://doi.org/10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00663.
Syarif, RA.,Muhajir., Ahmad,AR.,Malik, A. (2015). Identifikasi Golongan Senyawa Antioksidan Dengan Menggunakan Metode Peredaman Radikal Dpph Ekstrak Etanol
Daun Cordia myxa L. Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia. 2(1): 83-89. https://doi.org/10.33096/jffi.v2i1.184.
Tenda, P., Hilaria, M., & Wijaya, H. (2019). Antioxidant Activities and Quality Test of Instant Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br.) From East Nusa Tenggara With Added Ginger (Zingibera officinale Roch). International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 2(4), 15-20. Retrieved from http://www.ijalsr.org/index.php/journal/article/view/68.
Tensiska, T., Nurhadi, B., Wulandari, E., & Ratri, Y. A. L. (2020). ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIY OF ADLAY EXTRACT (Coix lachryma-jobi L.) WITH DIFFERENT SOLVENT. Jurnal Agroindustri, 10(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.31186/j.agroindustri.10.1.1-11.
Tulandi, GP. (2015). Validasi Metode Analisis Untuk Penetapan Kadar Parasetamol Dalam Sediaan Tablet Secara Spektrofotometri Ultraviolet. Pharmacon. 4(4): 168-178. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/pharmacon/article/view/10205.
Delina, S., Arina, Y. (2022). Uji Aktivitas Antibakteri Dari Fraksi Daun Kedondong Bangkok (Spondias dulcis Forst.). Jurnal Aisyiyah Medika. 7(2):157-169. https://doi.org/10.36729/jam.v7i2.863.
Diniatik. (2015). Penentuan Kadar Flavonoid Total Ekstrak Etanolik Daun Kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol (Bl.) Hook f. & Th.) Dengan Metode Spektrofotometri. Kartika-Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi.3(1): 1-5. http://kjif.unjani.ac.id/index.php/kjif/article/view/90/74.
Fakriah.,Kurniasih, E., Adriana., Rusydi. (2019). Sosialisasi Bahaya Radikal Bebas Dan Fungsi Antioksidan Alami Bagi Kesehatan. Jurnal Vokasi. 3(1):1-7. https://dx.doi.org/10.30811/vokasi.v3i1.960.
Fauziah, M., Supriadin, A., & Berghuis, N. (2017). Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Metanol pada Ekstrak Virgin Minyak Zaitun Kemasan. al Kimiya: Jurnal Ilmu Kimia dan Terapan, 4(2), 61-69. doi:https://doi.org/10.15575/ak.v4i2.5086
Fransiscus, X., Pangaribuan,R., Sitorus, S., Saleh, C. (2016). Fitochemical Test And Antioxidant Activity Of Rambutan Leaves Extract (Nephelium Lappaceum) With DPPH (1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhidrazyl). Jurnal Atomik.1(2):81-85.
Haryono, I. A., Noval, N., & Nugraha, B. (2021). Formulasi Buah Tampoi (Baccaurea macrocarpa) dalam Sediaan Masker Gel sebagai Antiaging. Jurnal Surya Medika (JSM), 6(2), 102-110. https://doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v6i2.2126.
Huliselan, Y.M., Runtuwene, M.R.J., Wewengkang, D.S. (2015). Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Etanol, Etil Asetat, dan n-Heksan dari Daun Sesewanua (Clerodendron squamatum Vahl.). Pharmacon: Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi. 4(3).155-163. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/pharmacon/article/view/8855.
Islam, S. M., Ahmed, K.hT., Manik, M. K., Wahid, M. A., & Kamal, C. S. (2013). A comparative study of the antioxidant, antimicrobial, cytotoxic and thrombolytic potential of the fruits and leaves of Spondias dulcis. Asian Pacific journal of tropical biomedicine, 3(9), 682–691. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2221-1691(13)60139-2.
Lai-Cheong, J. E., & McGrath, J. A. (2017). Structure and function of skin, hair and nails. Medicine (United Kingdom), 45(6), 347–351. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mpmed.2013.04.017.
Malangngi, L., Sangi, M., Paendong, J. (2012). Penentuan Kandungan Tanin dan Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan Ekstrak Biji Buah Alpukat (Persea americana Mill.). Jurnal MIPA UNSRAT Online.1(1):5-10. https://doi.org/10.35799/jm.1.1.2012.423.
Nastiti, K., Noval, N., & Kurniawati, D. (2021).Antioxidant Activity Combination of Piper betle Leaf Infusion, Ethanolic Extract of Bundung (Actinuscirpus grossus) and Citrus Fruit Peel of Citrus aurantifolia. Jurnal Surya Medika (JSM), 7(1), 115–122. https://doi.org/10.33084/jsm.v7i1.2647.
Nurviana, V. (2020). The Potential Antioxidant Of Nanoparticle Of Limus (Mangifera foetida Lour) Seed Kernel Extract. Jurnal Farmasi Udayana, , 144-151. https://doi.org/10.24843/JFU.2020.v09.i03.p02.
Pasaribu, F., Sitorus, P., Bahri, S. (2012). Uji Ekstrak Etanol Kulit Buah Manggis (Garcinia mangostana L.) Terhadap Penurunan Kadar Glukosa Darah. Journal of Pharmaceutics and Pharmacology. 1(1): 1-8. https://jurnal.usu.ac.id/index.php/jpp/article/view/611.
Pratama, AN., Busman, H. (2020). Potential of Soybean Antioxidant (Glycine Max L) on Capturing Free Radicals, Jurnal Ilmiah Kesehatan Sandi Husada.11(1): 497-504. https://doi.org/10.35816/jiskh.v11i1.333.
Purwaningsih, S. (2012). Aktivitas antioksidan dan komposisi kimia keong matah merah (Cerithidea obtusa). Jurnal Ilmu Kelautan, 17(1), 39-48.
Rezaldi, F., Khodijah, S., & US, S. (2022). Formulasi dan Uji Efektivitas Sediaan Sirup Ekstrak Daun Kacapiring (Gardenia jasminoides J. Ellis) Sebagai Antipiretik Terhadap Mencit (Mus musculus L) YANG DI INDUKSI VAKSIN DPT. Jurnal Biogenerasi, 7(1), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.30605/biogenerasi.v7i1.1555.
Rumayati.,Idiawati, N., Destiart, L. (2014). Uji Aktivitas Antioksidan, Total Fenol Dan Toksisitas Dari Ekstrak Daun Dan Batang Lakum (Cayratia trifolia (L) Domin). Jurnal Kimia Khatulistiwa.3(3):30-35. https://jurnal.untan.ac.id/index.php/jkkmipa/article/view/7375.
Saefudin., Marusin, S., Chairul, S. (2013). Aktivitas Antioksidan Pada Enam Jenis Tumbuhan Sterculiaceae. Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan. 31(2):103-109. https://doi.org/10.20886/jphh.2013.31.2.103-109.
Suparman, I., Sudira, I., & Berata, I. (2013). Kajian Ekstrak Daun Kedondong (Spondias dulcis G.Forst.) Diberikan Secara Oral Pada Tikus Putih Ditinjau Dari Histopatologi Ginjal. Buletin Veteriner Udayana, . Retrieved from https://ojs.unud.ac.id/index.php/buletinvet/article/view/5739.
Syamsul, ES., Supomo., Jubaidah,S., Wijaya, H., Lestari, D., Poddar.S. (2022). Antioxidant Activity Test of Red Pidada Leaves (Sonneratia caseolaris L.) using ABTS Method (2,2-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazolin)-6-sulfonicacid). Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology.15(9):3957-1. https://doi.org/10.52711/0974-360X.2022.00663.
Syarif, RA.,Muhajir., Ahmad,AR.,Malik, A. (2015). Identifikasi Golongan Senyawa Antioksidan Dengan Menggunakan Metode Peredaman Radikal Dpph Ekstrak Etanol
Daun Cordia myxa L. Jurnal Fitofarmaka Indonesia. 2(1): 83-89. https://doi.org/10.33096/jffi.v2i1.184.
Tenda, P., Hilaria, M., & Wijaya, H. (2019). Antioxidant Activities and Quality Test of Instant Faloak (Sterculia quadrifida R.Br.) From East Nusa Tenggara With Added Ginger (Zingibera officinale Roch). International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 2(4), 15-20. Retrieved from http://www.ijalsr.org/index.php/journal/article/view/68.
Tensiska, T., Nurhadi, B., Wulandari, E., & Ratri, Y. A. L. (2020). ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIY OF ADLAY EXTRACT (Coix lachryma-jobi L.) WITH DIFFERENT SOLVENT. Jurnal Agroindustri, 10(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.31186/j.agroindustri.10.1.1-11.
Tulandi, GP. (2015). Validasi Metode Analisis Untuk Penetapan Kadar Parasetamol Dalam Sediaan Tablet Secara Spektrofotometri Ultraviolet. Pharmacon. 4(4): 168-178. https://ejournal.unsrat.ac.id/index.php/pharmacon/article/view/10205.
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Wijaya, H., Jubaidah, S., & Agustina, S. (2023). Potential Antioxidant Activity of Kedondong Leaves (Spondias dulcis Forst.) Using DPPH Method (1,1-Diphenyl-2- Pikril Hydrazil). International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 6(2), 42-47. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2023.v06i02.005
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