Antioxidant Potential, Nutrition, and Metabolomic Analysis of the Amino Acid Content of Infant Formula Milk for 7–12 Months and Predicted Benefits in Indonesia
Abstract
The research aims to analyze the calcium (Ca), protein, and various amino acids contained in various samples of formula milk in circulation and given to babies as an alternative or additional nutrition. Samples of formula milk aged 7–12 months used in the research were of 4 types, coded A, B, C, and D. Calcium (Ca) content analysis was used using the Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry (AAS) instrument; total protein was determined using the Kjeldahl method; and metabolomic analysis of amino acids were determined using a High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC) instrument. The calcium content of milk samples was 4.38 ± 0.03 mg/g (code A), 4.63 ± 0.03 mg/g (code B), 4.92 ± 0.08 mg/g (code C), and 5.48 ± 0.06 mg/g (code D); total protein content was 0.50 ± 0.01 mg/g (code A), 0.50 ± 0.03 mg/g (code B), 0.51 ± 0.01 mg/g (code C), and 0.75 ± 0.00 mg/g (code D); as well as the metabolomic of amino acid content contained in milk samples with code B (15 types), code D (13 types), and codes A and C have the same number of amino acid types (9 types).The research sample formula for milk contains important nutrients, including calcium, protein, and various metabolomic amino acids, which are important for the growth and development of babies aged 7–12 months.
Keywords:
7-12 months, AAS, amino acids, calcium, formula milk, HPLC
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References
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Koletzko, B., Demmelmair, H., Grote, V. & Totzauer, M. (2019). Optimized Protein Intakes in term Infants Support Physiological Growth and Promote Long-term Health. Seminars in Perinatology. 43(7), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semperi.2019.06.001
Li, X., Zheng, S. & Wu, G. (2019). Nutrition and Functions of Amino Acids in Fish (Guoyao Wu, Vol. 1285). Springer.
Masotti, F., Cattaneo, S., Stuknytė, M., Pica, V. & De Noni, I. (2020). Analytical Advances in the Determination of Calcium in Bovine Milk, Dairy Products and Milk-based Infant Formulas. Trends in Food Science and Technology. 103, 348–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2020.07.013
Mehrotra, V., Sehgal, S.K. & Bangale, N.R. (2019). Fat Structure and Composition in Human Milk and Infant Formulas: Implications in Infant Health. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. 7(2), 153–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2018.03.005
Mihatsch, W., Thome, U. & de Pipaon, M.S. (2021). Update on Calcium and Phosphorus Requirements of Preterm Infants and Recommendations for Enteral Mineral Intake. Nutrients. 13(5), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051470
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Niero, G., Penasa, M., Currò, S., Masi, A., Trentin, A. R., Cassandro, M. & De Marchi, M. (2017). Development and validation of a near infrared spectrophotometric method to determine total antioxidant activity of milk. Food Chemistry. 220, 371–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.024
Niero, Giovanni, Penasa, M., Costa, A., Currò, S., Visentin, G., Cassandro, M. & De Marchi, M. (2019). Total antioxidant activity of bovine milk: Phenotypic variation and predictive ability of mid-infrared spectroscopy. International Dairy Journal. 89, 105–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.08.014
Pietrzak-Fiećko, R. & Kamelska-Sadowska, A.M. (2020). The Comparison of Nutritional value of Human Milk with other Mammals’ Milk. Nutrients. 12(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051404
Purkiewicz, A., Stasiewicz, M., Nowakowski, J.J. & Pietrzak-Fiećko, R. (2023). The Influence of the Lactation Period and the Type of Milk on the Content of Amino Acids and Minerals in Human Milk and Infant Formulas. Foods. 12(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12193674
Rizvi, N.B., Aleem, S., Khan, M. R.,Ashraf, S. & Busquets, R. (2022). Quantitative Estimation of Protein in Sprouts of Vigna radiate (Mung Beans), Lens culinaris (Lentils), and Cicer arietinum (Chickpeas) by Kjeldahl and Lowry Methods. Molecules. 27(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030814
Samuel, T. M., Zhou, Q., Giuffrida, F., Munblit, D., Verhasselt, V., & Thakkar, S. K. (2020). Nutritional and non-nutritional composition of human milk is modulated by maternal, infant, and methodological factors. Frontiers in nutrition, 7, 576133.. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.576133
Sánchez, C., Franco, L., Regal, P., Lamas, A., Cepeda, A. & Fente, C. (2021). Breast Milk: A Source of Functional Compounds with Potential Application in Nutrition and Therapy. Nutrients. 13(3), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13031026
Sinaga, S.P., Lumbangaol, D.A., Iksen, Situmorang, R.F.R. & Gurning, K. (2022). Determination of Phenolic, Flavonoid Content, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Seri (Muntingia calabura L.) Leaves Ethanol Extract from North Sumatera, Indonesia. Rasayan Journal of Chemistry. 15(2), 1534–1538. https://doi.org/10.31788/RJC.2022.1526730
Situmorang, R. F. R., Gurning, K., Kaban, V. E., Butar-Butar, M. J., & Perangin-Angin, S. A. B. (2022). Determination of total phenolic content, analysis of bioactive compound components, and antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate Seri (Muntingia calabura L.) leaves from North Sumatera Province, Indonesia. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 10(A), 240-244.. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8362
Slobodianiuk, L., Budniak, L., Marchyshyn, S., Sinichenko, A. & Demydiak, O. (2021). Determination of Amino Acids of Cultivated Species of the Genus Primula L. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry. 11(2), 8969–8977. https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC112.89698977
Stobiecka, M., Król, J. & Brodziak, A. (2022). Antioxidant Activity of Milk and Dairy Products. In Animals. 12(3), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12030245
Tambunan, I.Y.B., Siringo-Ringo, E., Butar-Butar, M.J., Febrianti, R. & Gurning, K. (2024). Phytochemical screening, identification of compounds, and antioxidant activity test of sirsak extract (Annona muricata L.) leaf grown in North Sumatra, Indonesia. International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research. 7(2), 132–142. https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2024.v07i02.011
Wu, G. (2009). Amino acids: Metabolism, functions, and nutrition. Amino Acids, 37(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-009-0269-0
Xu, Y., Liu, Z., Liu, Z., Feng, Z., Zhang, L., Wan, X. & Yang, X. (2020). Identification of D-amino Acids in Tea Leaves. Food Chemistry. 317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126428
Bass, J.K. & Chan, G.M. (2006). Calcium Nutrition and Metabolism During Infancy. Nutrition. 22(10), 1057–1066. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nut.2006.05.014
da Silva, T.E., Detmann, E., Franco, M. de O., Palma, M.N.N. & Rocha, G.C. (2016). Evaluation of Digestion Procedures in Kjeldahl Method to Quantify Total Nitrogen in Analyses Applied to Animal Nutrition. Acta Scientiarum - Animal Sciences. 38(1), 45–51. https://doi.org/10.4025/actascianimsci.v38i1.29171
Gates, A., Marin, T., Leo, G. De & Stansfield, B.K. (2021). Review of Preterm Human-Milk Nutrient Composition. In Nutrition in Clinical Practice. 36(6), 1163–1172. https://doi.org/10.1002/ncp.10570
Gidrewicz, D.A. & Fenton, T.R. (2014). A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of the Nutrient Content of Preterm and Term Breast Milk. BMC Pediatrics. 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2431-14-216
Gutiérrez, T. J. (Ed.). (2020). Food science, technology and nutrition for babies and children. Springer Nature.. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-35997-3
Hageman, J.H.J., Danielsen, M., Nieuwenhuizen, A.G., Feitsma, A.L. & Dalsgaard, T.K. (2019). Comparison of Bovine Milk fat and Vegetable Fat for Infant Formula: Implications for Infant Health. International Dairy Journal. 92, 37–49. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2019.01.005
Hamner, H.C., Perrine, C.G. & Scanlon, K.S. (2016). Usual Intake of Key Minerals Among Children in the Second year of Life, NHANES 2003-2012. Nutrients. 8(8). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8080468
Hanson, C., Lyden, E., Furtado, J., Van Ormer, M. & Anderson-Berry, A. (2016). A Comparison of Nutritional Antioxidant Content in Breast Milk, Donor Milk, and Infant Formulas. Nutrients. 8(11). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu8110681
Koletzko, B., Demmelmair, H., Grote, V. & Totzauer, M. (2019). Optimized Protein Intakes in term Infants Support Physiological Growth and Promote Long-term Health. Seminars in Perinatology. 43(7), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1053/j.semperi.2019.06.001
Li, X., Zheng, S. & Wu, G. (2019). Nutrition and Functions of Amino Acids in Fish (Guoyao Wu, Vol. 1285). Springer.
Masotti, F., Cattaneo, S., Stuknytė, M., Pica, V. & De Noni, I. (2020). Analytical Advances in the Determination of Calcium in Bovine Milk, Dairy Products and Milk-based Infant Formulas. Trends in Food Science and Technology. 103, 348–360. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tifs.2020.07.013
Mehrotra, V., Sehgal, S.K. & Bangale, N.R. (2019). Fat Structure and Composition in Human Milk and Infant Formulas: Implications in Infant Health. Clinical Epidemiology and Global Health. 7(2), 153–159. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cegh.2018.03.005
Mihatsch, W., Thome, U. & de Pipaon, M.S. (2021). Update on Calcium and Phosphorus Requirements of Preterm Infants and Recommendations for Enteral Mineral Intake. Nutrients. 13(5), 1–10. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13051470
Neves, P.A.R., Vaz, J.S., Maia, F.S., Baker, P., Gatica-Domínguez, G., Piwoz, E., Rollins, N. & Victora, C.G. (2021). Rates and Time Trends in the Consumption of Breastmilk, Formula, and Animal Milk by Children Younger than 2 years from 2000 to 2019: Analysis of 113 Countries. The Lancet Child and Adolescent Health. 5(9), 619–630. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2352-4642(21)00163-2
Niero, G., Penasa, M., Currò, S., Masi, A., Trentin, A. R., Cassandro, M. & De Marchi, M. (2017). Development and validation of a near infrared spectrophotometric method to determine total antioxidant activity of milk. Food Chemistry. 220, 371–376. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2016.10.024
Niero, Giovanni, Penasa, M., Costa, A., Currò, S., Visentin, G., Cassandro, M. & De Marchi, M. (2019). Total antioxidant activity of bovine milk: Phenotypic variation and predictive ability of mid-infrared spectroscopy. International Dairy Journal. 89, 105–110. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.idairyj.2018.08.014
Pietrzak-Fiećko, R. & Kamelska-Sadowska, A.M. (2020). The Comparison of Nutritional value of Human Milk with other Mammals’ Milk. Nutrients. 12(5). https://doi.org/10.3390/nu12051404
Purkiewicz, A., Stasiewicz, M., Nowakowski, J.J. & Pietrzak-Fiećko, R. (2023). The Influence of the Lactation Period and the Type of Milk on the Content of Amino Acids and Minerals in Human Milk and Infant Formulas. Foods. 12(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/foods12193674
Rizvi, N.B., Aleem, S., Khan, M. R.,Ashraf, S. & Busquets, R. (2022). Quantitative Estimation of Protein in Sprouts of Vigna radiate (Mung Beans), Lens culinaris (Lentils), and Cicer arietinum (Chickpeas) by Kjeldahl and Lowry Methods. Molecules. 27(3). https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules27030814
Samuel, T. M., Zhou, Q., Giuffrida, F., Munblit, D., Verhasselt, V., & Thakkar, S. K. (2020). Nutritional and non-nutritional composition of human milk is modulated by maternal, infant, and methodological factors. Frontiers in nutrition, 7, 576133.. https://doi.org/10.3389/fnut.2020.576133
Sánchez, C., Franco, L., Regal, P., Lamas, A., Cepeda, A. & Fente, C. (2021). Breast Milk: A Source of Functional Compounds with Potential Application in Nutrition and Therapy. Nutrients. 13(3), 1–34. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu13031026
Sinaga, S.P., Lumbangaol, D.A., Iksen, Situmorang, R.F.R. & Gurning, K. (2022). Determination of Phenolic, Flavonoid Content, Antioxidant and Antibacterial Activities of Seri (Muntingia calabura L.) Leaves Ethanol Extract from North Sumatera, Indonesia. Rasayan Journal of Chemistry. 15(2), 1534–1538. https://doi.org/10.31788/RJC.2022.1526730
Situmorang, R. F. R., Gurning, K., Kaban, V. E., Butar-Butar, M. J., & Perangin-Angin, S. A. B. (2022). Determination of total phenolic content, analysis of bioactive compound components, and antioxidant activity of ethyl acetate Seri (Muntingia calabura L.) leaves from North Sumatera Province, Indonesia. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 10(A), 240-244.. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2022.8362
Slobodianiuk, L., Budniak, L., Marchyshyn, S., Sinichenko, A. & Demydiak, O. (2021). Determination of Amino Acids of Cultivated Species of the Genus Primula L. Biointerface Research in Applied Chemistry. 11(2), 8969–8977. https://doi.org/10.33263/BRIAC112.89698977
Stobiecka, M., Król, J. & Brodziak, A. (2022). Antioxidant Activity of Milk and Dairy Products. In Animals. 12(3), 1-27. https://doi.org/10.3390/ani12030245
Tambunan, I.Y.B., Siringo-Ringo, E., Butar-Butar, M.J., Febrianti, R. & Gurning, K. (2024). Phytochemical screening, identification of compounds, and antioxidant activity test of sirsak extract (Annona muricata L.) leaf grown in North Sumatra, Indonesia. International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research. 7(2), 132–142. https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2024.v07i02.011
Wu, G. (2009). Amino acids: Metabolism, functions, and nutrition. Amino Acids, 37(1), 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00726-009-0269-0
Xu, Y., Liu, Z., Liu, Z., Feng, Z., Zhang, L., Wan, X. & Yang, X. (2020). Identification of D-amino Acids in Tea Leaves. Food Chemistry. 317. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2020.126428
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How to Cite
Butar-Butar, M., Tambunan, I., Siringo-Ringo, E., Febrianti, R., & Gurning, K. (2024). Antioxidant Potential, Nutrition, and Metabolomic Analysis of the Amino Acid Content of Infant Formula Milk for 7–12 Months and Predicted Benefits in Indonesia. International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 7(4), 107-116. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2024.v07i04.010
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