Comparative Analysis of Morphometric Variation in the Green Mussel (Perna viridis Linnaeus, 1758) From Different Coastal Areas of Caraga Region, Philippines
Abstract
Morphology often indicates genetic distinction and ecological response, mainly associated with adaptive radiation. This study aimed to determine the shell shape variation in the green mussel (Perna viridis) using a landmark-based approach across Barobo, Buenavista, and Cabadbaran coastal areas in the Caraga, Philippines. A total of 180 individuals, comprising 30 females and 30 males in each location, and adults of uniform size were collected. Shape variations were identified using the nine homologous anatomical landmark points through the tpsDig2 application. Symmetry, Asymmetry, and Geometric data software (SAGE) were used to analyze shape variances. Results showed statistically significant differences (P<0.0001) in both sexes, suggesting shell shape differences across the study areas. Further, Principal Component Analysis showed that the samples from Barobo recorded the highest Fluctuating Asymmetry (~96%), followed by Cabadbaran (~93%) and Buenavista (~92-94%) respectively. This implies that P. viridis populations differ significantly regarding shell shape. The morphologies of the samples from Barobo and Cabadbaran are more alike, whereas those from Buenavista are different. Frequently affected landmarks were the ligaments and posterior adductor contributing most of the Asymmetry. Moreover, ecological adaptations are essential to shaping species’ morphological traits. No prior study of this kind was conducted in the Caraga region. This work presents vital information for related morphological studies on other bivalve’ species. Our findings demonstrate that the samples exhibit site-specific shell shape variation, supporting its potential as a bioindicator for environmental monitoring in Philippine coastal systems. Therefore, the study emphasizes how crucial geometric morphometrics is for studying morphological variation.
Keywords:
Bivalves, Marine Ecosystem, Morphology, Northern Mindanao
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References
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Cabuga Jr., C., Bolanio, G., Quebedo, M., Allardo, D., Ty, A. and Pogado, B. (2025) “Comparative Analysis of Morphometric Variation in the Green Mussel (Perna viridis Linnaeus, 1758) From Different Coastal Areas of Caraga Region, Philippines”, International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 8(4), pp. 186-206. doi: https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2025.v08i04.014.
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