Harnessing Ficus exasperata Leaf Extract for Sustainable Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles with Antimicrobial Activity
Abstract
Magnesium (Mg) plays a crucial role as a plant nutrient, supporting vital functions such as growth, metabolism, enzyme regulation, and other physiological processes. In the present study, leaf extract from the Ficus exasperata plant was utilized to synthesize magnesium nanoparticles (MgNPs). The antioxidant properties and potential for enhancing the growth of Cicer arietinum (Bengal gram) plants were evaluated. The stability and morphology of the synthesized nanoparticles were characterized through several techniques, including FTIR, TEM, XRD, and DLS. X-ray diffraction (XRD) measurements were carried out using a Rigaku Ultima III analyzer, with a 2θ scan range from 10° to 80°. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) revealed that the MgNPs were approximately 25 nm in size. This study proposes the use of magnesium nanoparticles as a Nano-fertilizer, which significantly boosts the growth and yield of Cicer arietinum plants in an environmentally friendly manner. The biogenic approach to synthesizing these nanoparticles using plant extracts offers an eco-sustainable method for nutrient delivery in agriculture, advancing green technologies in farming practices.
Keywords:
Antibacterial Activity, Electron Microscopy, Ficus exasperata, Nano Fertilizer, Magnesium Nanoparticles, Transmission
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References
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Ramesh, M., Anbuvannan, M., & Viruthagiri, G. J. S. A. P. A. M. (2015). Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Solanum nigrum leaf extract and their antibacterial activity. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 136, 864-870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2014.09.105
Ramezani Farani, M., Farsadrooh, M., Zare, I., Gholami, A., & Akhavan, O. (2023). Green synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and nanocomposites for photocatalytic antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antifungal applications. Catalysts, 13(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13040642
Sharma, S. K., Khan, A. U., Khan, M., Gupta, M., Gehlot, A., Park, S., & Alam, M. (2020). Biosynthesis of MgO nanoparticles using Annona squamosa seeds and its catalytic activity and antibacterial screening. Micro & Nano Letters, 15(1), 30-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/mnl.2019.0358
Suresh, D., Nethravathi, P. C., Rajanaika, H., Nagabhushana, H., & Sharma, S. C. (2015). Green synthesis of multifunctional zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using Cassia fistula plant extract and their photodegradative, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 31, 446-454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2014.12.023
Suseela, R., Kumar, M. P., Sowjanya, S., Malleswari T., Latha, M. M., Narayana G, L., & Anjjineyulu K. (2023). Green Synthesis of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles by Using Mangifera indica Leaves Extract. Future Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Sciences, 3(1), 5–10. https://doi.org/10.26452/fjphs.v3i1.334
Vijayakumar, S., Punitha, V. N., & Parameswari, N. (2022). Phytonanosynthesis of MgO nanoparticles: green synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluation. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 47(6), 6729-6734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13369-021-06107-3
Amin, M. A. A., Abu-Elsaoud, A. M., Nowwar, A. I., Abdelwahab, A. T., Awad, M. A., Hassan, S. E. D., ... & Elkelish, A. (2024). Green synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles using endophytic fungal strain to improve the growth, metabolic activities, yield traits, and phenolic compounds content of Nigella sativa L. Green Processing and Synthesis, 13(1). 1-6. https://doi.org/10.1515/gps-2023-0215
Fatiqin, A., Amrulloh, H., & Simanjuntak, W. (2021). Green synthesis of MgO nanoparticles using Moringa oleifera leaf aqueous extract for antibacterial activity. Bulletin of the Chemical Society of Ethiopia, 35(1), 161-170. https://doi.org/10.4314/bcse.v35i1.14
Kirubakaran, D., Selvam, K., Subramanian Shivakumar, M., Rajkumar, M., Kannan, S., & Navina, B. (2024). Bio‐fabrication of Zinc oxide nanoparticles using Strobilanthes cordifolia: Characterization and evaluation of antioxidant, anti‐cholinergic, anti‐inflammatory and wound healing activities. Chemistry Select, 9(6). https://doi.org/10.1002/slct.202302792
Kumar, P., Senthamil Selvi, S., & Govindaraju, M. J. A. N. (2013). Seaweed-mediated biosynthesis of silver nanoparticles using Gracilaria corticata for its antifungal activity against Candida spp. Applied Nanoscience, 3, 495-500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13204-012-0151-3
Kumar, P., Senthamil Selvi, S., Lakshmi Prabha, A., Prem Kumar, K., Ganeshkumar, R. S., & Govindaraju, M. (2012). Synthesis of silver nanoparticles from Sargassum tenerrimum and screening phytochemicals for its antibacterial activity. Nano Biomed Eng, 4(1), 12-16. https://doi.org/10.5101/nbe.v4i1.p12-16
Mohammed, A. A., Suleiman Ibrahim, A., Okeola, F. O., Ayinla, I. K., Anthony, B. O., & Atobiloye, A. (2024). [Bioremediation of anthraquinone dye using bimetallic Ni-Zn nanohybrid synthesized from Ficus exasperate leaf extract] Chemical Engineering Communications, 211(8), 1288-1299. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/full/10.1080/00986445.2024.2336237
Muhaymin, A., Mohamed, H. E. A., Hkiri, K., Safdar, A., Azizi, S., & Maaza, M. (2024). Green synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles using Hyphaene thebaica extract and their photocatalytic activities. Scientific Reports, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-024-71149-0
Mushtaq, S., Yousaf, Z., Anjum, I., Arshad, S., Aftab, A., Maqbool, Z., ... & Ali, E. A. (2024). Application of green synthesized magnesium oxide nanoparticles to prolong commercial availability of Vitis vinifera L. Food Chemistry: X, 21. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.fochx.2024.101157
Orlu, H. A., Ollor, A. O., & Ebor, E. S. (2024). Antibacterial Effect of Nanoparticles Synthesized from Ficus exasperata (Sandpaper Leaves). Asian Journal of Applied Chemistry Research, 15(1), 28–36. https://doi.org/10.9734/ajacr/2024/v15i1280
Rajkumar, M., Presley, S. D., Menaa, F., Elbehairi, S. E. I., Alfaifi, M. Y., Shati, A. A., ... & Gomathi, T. (2024). Biosynthesis and biological activities of magnesium hydroxide nanoparticles using Tinospora cordifolia leaf extract. Bioprocess and Biosystems Engineering, 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00449-024-03089-y
Ramaprabha, K., Saravanan, P., Rajeshkannan, R., & Kumar, S. V. (2025). Bio-inspired synthesis of Magnesium oxide nanoparticles from Acalypha indica: anti-bacterial, anti-oxidant and toxicity study. Sustainable Chemistry One World, 5(3). http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.scowo.2025.100048
Ramesh, M., Anbuvannan, M., & Viruthagiri, G. J. S. A. P. A. M. (2015). Green synthesis of ZnO nanoparticles using Solanum nigrum leaf extract and their antibacterial activity. Spectrochimica Acta Part A: Molecular and Biomolecular Spectroscopy, 136, 864-870. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.saa.2014.09.105
Ramezani Farani, M., Farsadrooh, M., Zare, I., Gholami, A., & Akhavan, O. (2023). Green synthesis of magnesium oxide nanoparticles and nanocomposites for photocatalytic antimicrobial, antibiofilm and antifungal applications. Catalysts, 13(4). http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/catal13040642
Sharma, S. K., Khan, A. U., Khan, M., Gupta, M., Gehlot, A., Park, S., & Alam, M. (2020). Biosynthesis of MgO nanoparticles using Annona squamosa seeds and its catalytic activity and antibacterial screening. Micro & Nano Letters, 15(1), 30-34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1049/mnl.2019.0358
Suresh, D., Nethravathi, P. C., Rajanaika, H., Nagabhushana, H., & Sharma, S. C. (2015). Green synthesis of multifunctional zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles using Cassia fistula plant extract and their photodegradative, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. Materials Science in Semiconductor Processing, 31, 446-454. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2014.12.023
Suseela, R., Kumar, M. P., Sowjanya, S., Malleswari T., Latha, M. M., Narayana G, L., & Anjjineyulu K. (2023). Green Synthesis of Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles by Using Mangifera indica Leaves Extract. Future Journal of Pharmaceuticals and Health Sciences, 3(1), 5–10. https://doi.org/10.26452/fjphs.v3i1.334
Vijayakumar, S., Punitha, V. N., & Parameswari, N. (2022). Phytonanosynthesis of MgO nanoparticles: green synthesis, characterization and antimicrobial evaluation. Arabian Journal for Science and Engineering, 47(6), 6729-6734. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13369-021-06107-3
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How to Cite
S., L., P., S., Niloufer, S., N., U., & P., P. (2025). Harnessing Ficus exasperata Leaf Extract for Sustainable Magnesium Oxide Nanoparticles with Antimicrobial Activity. International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 8(2), 177-185. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2025.v08i02.014
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Research Articles
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