The Association Between  Exposure to Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS) in Mother During Pregnancy with Low Birth Weight (LBW) Infants

Rusnani binti  Ab Latif

Rusnani binti Ab Latif Kubang Kerian Nursing College 16150, Kubang Kerian, Kelantan., Malaysia

Abstract

Introduction: Low birth weight (LBW) is a major contributing factor towards high infant mortality in developing countries. One of the most predominant causes of LBW is the mother's access to prenatal care; however exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (passive smoking) may have a modest adverse effect on birth weight.

Methodology: Two-hundred thirty postnatal mothers were participated as respondents in this study. A self-administered questionnaire was used. Data was collected by interviewing the postnatal mothers. A One Way Analyses Of Variance (ANOVA) and Chi-Square test were used. The differences were evaluated significant at p < 0.05.

Results: There was highly significant association between mother’s exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) or passive smoking with birth weight (F =15.200, p = 0.000). There is a significant association between the number of cigarettes per day father’s smoke with birth weight (F=4.970, p = 0.003). However, analysis by using Chi-Square shows that the exposure of smoke to other family members was not statistically significant (χ²= 1.68, p = 0 .431).

Conclusion: Therefore, the improved quality of antenatal care can reduce health complications with subsequent improvement in birth weight. On the other hand, early antenatal care is crucial to favorable pregnancy outcome.

Keywords: Environmental tobacco smoke (ETS), Pregnancy mothers, Low Birth Weight (LBW)

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