Optimization of PEG 400 and PEG 6000 in Simplicia Ointment of Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd
Abstract
Introduction: The Papuan people have utilized the native herb Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd for centuries to treat aches and pains L. decumana is used by attaching leaves to the body area with the illness. Methods: This study aimed to test the optimal composition of PEG 400 and PEG 6000 in the L.decumana simplicia ointment formula to produce a good physical quality ointment. This study employed three formula designs made up of a mixture of PEG 400 (A): PEG 6000 (B) in ratios of 65%:35%, 50%:50%, and 35%:65%, respectively, using the simplex lattice design approach. Physical qualities of the created ointment, such as organoleptic, homogeneous, miscibility, stickiness, pH, and acceptability tests, were performed on it. Next, the results of the physical properties test and response calculated were used to obtain the optimum formula. The One-Sample T-test with a 95% confidence level was used to compare the experimental findings of the optimal formulation ointment with the results expected by the optimization approach. Result: The results indicated that the optimum composition was PEG 400: PEG 6000 by 60%: 40% which physical quality having a spread of 3.63 cm; pH 9.2 test; and stickiness of 7.5 seconds. The results of the One-Sample T-test showed that there was a non-significant difference between the experimental results and the predicted p>0.05. Conclusion: The ointment of itchy leaves can be formulated with specific composition and had good physical quality.
Keywords:
Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd, Ointment, Optimization, PEG
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References
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Crespo, Y. A., Sánchez, L. R. B., Quintana, Y. G., Cabrera, A. S. T., Del Sol, A. B., & Mayancha, D. M. G. (2019). Evaluation of the synergistic effects of antioxidant activity on mixtures of the essential oil from Apium graveolens L., Thymus vulgaris L. and Coriandrum sativum L. using simplex-lattice design. Heliyon, 5(6), e01942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01942
Farhan, A., Alsuwayt, B., Alanazi, F., Yaseen, A., & Ashour, M. A. (2021). Evaluation and HPLC characterisation of a new herbal ointment for the treatment of full-thickness burns in rats. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 16(2), 152-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.10.023
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Inoue, Y., Maeda, R., Furuya, K., Isamu, M., Masayuki, K., & Kanamoto, I. (2013). Relationship between the usability and physicochemical properties of triamcinolone acetonide ointments. Results in Pharma Sciences, 3, 15-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinphs.2013.10.002
Kartini, K., Winarjo, B. M., Fitriani, E. W., & Islamie, R. (2017). Formulation and pH-physical stability evaluation of gel and cream of Plantago major leaves extract. Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana, 1(3), 174-180. https://doi.org/10.24123/mpi.v1i3.330
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Maesaroh, I., Pratiwi, D., & Agustin, L. (2020). Ointment Formulation and Test Safety from Sapodilla Manila Leaf Extract (Manilkara zapota L.) with Variation of Ointment Base as an Ulcer Medicine. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2(1), 14-19. https://doi.org/10.24198/idjp.v2i1.25770
Mahato, R. I., & Narang, A. S. (2020). Semisolid Dosage Forms. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery, 409–422. https://doi.org/10.1201/b12122-27
Makaba, S., Tingginehe, R. M., & Ruru, Y. (2021). The Effectiveness of Crocodile Oil Extract Ointment on the Treatment of Burns in Mice (Mus musculus). Medico-Legal Update, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.37506/mlu.v21i2.2835
Mangiwa, S., Mangiwa, S., & Mangiwa, S. (2021). Alkaloid Cytotoxic Test on Ethanol Extract from Itchy Leaves (Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd.). Research and Advances in Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 3(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.46610/rapls.2021.v03i02.001
Maru, A. D., & Lahoti, S. R. (2018). Formulation and evaluation of moisturizing cream containing sunflower wax. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci, 10(11), 54. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i11.28645
Putri, F. L. A., Nugroho, A. K., & Setyowati, E. P. (2018). Optimization of HIB Value Combination of Tween 60 and Span 80 on Cream Formulation of Ethanol Extract of Green Tea Leaves (Camellia Sinensis L.). Majalah Obat Tradisional, 23(3), 124-130. https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.38402
Setyawaty, R., Widayat, W., & Dewanto, D. (2020). Formulation and Evaluation of Physical Characteristics of Red Rice Extract (Oryza glaberrima Steud) Lotion. Majalah Farmaseutik, 16(1), 20-26. https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v16i1.4612
Simaremare, E. S., Gunawan, E., & Yabansabra, Y. (2020). Evaluation of pharmacological activities of itchy leaf extracts (Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd.). International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 12(3), 1316-1327. https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2020.12.03.199
Simaremare, E. S., Tolip, M. R. Y., & Pratiwi, R. D. (2022). Formulation and Effectiveness Test of Analgesic Patch from Itchy Leaves (Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd). Current Applied Science and Technology, 10-55003. https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2022.03.22.008
Subaryanti, Meianti, D. S. ., & Manalu, R. . (2022). Potensi Antimikroba Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gatal (Urticastrum decumanum (Roxb.) Kuntze) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dan Candida albicans. Sainstech Farma , 15(2), 93–102.
Sun, K., Sun, Q., Xu, W., Chen, C., Wang, B., & Wang, Y. (2022). The complete chloroplast genome of Laportea bulbifera (Sieb. et Zucc.) Wedd. and its phylogenetic analysis . Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 7(4), 658–660. https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2022.2062265
Susanty Simaremare, E. (2019). Anticoagulant activity of ethanolic extract stingging nettle from Biak Numfor. Trends in Pharmaceuticals and Nanotechnology, 1(1), 35-43. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2607615
Thalib, A., Masadah, R., Prihartono, P., Hamid, F., Hasan, H., Keliwawa, S., & Labulawa, I. (2021). Laportea decumana (Robx) wedd. herbal endemic potential from Indonesia: A literature review. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 9(F), 639-643. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7759
Wang, M. M., Li, Y. N., Ming, W. K., Wu, P. F., Yi, P., Gong, Z. P., ... & Yuan, C. M. (2022). Bioassay-guided isolation of human carboxylesterase 2 inhibitory and antioxidant constituents from Laportea bulbifera: Inhibition interactions and molecular mechanism. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 15(4), 103723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103723
Yabansabra, Y. R., Gunawan, E., Kalor, J. D., Simaremare, E. S., Appa, F. E., Barus, A. A., Pratiwi, E. & Tobi, C. H. (2023). Pelatihan Budidaya Daun Gatal Kmiwie Arso, Kabupaten Keerom-Papua. Reswara: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 4(1), 306-312.
Yankey, H., & Isaacson, G. (2018). Efficacy of topical 2% mupirocin ointment for treatment of tympanostomy tube otorrhea caused by community-acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 109, 36-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.03.024
Anindhita, M., & Arsanto, C. (2020). Formulasi Krim Ekstrak Daun Kersen (Muntingia calabura L.) Dengan Variasi Kombinasi Span 60 dan Tween 80 Sebagai Emulgator. Parapemikir : Jurnal Ilmiah Farmasi, 9(2), 50–60. https://doi.org/10.30591/pjif.v9i2.2034
Atanasov, A. G., Zotchev, S. B., Dirsch, V. M., Orhan, I. E., Banach, M., Rollinger, J. M., Barreca, D., Weckwerth, W., Bauer, R., Bayer, E. A., Majeed, M., Bishayee, A., Bochkov, V., Bonn, G. K., Braidy, N., Bucar, F., Cifuentes, A., D’Onofrio, G., Bodkin, M., … Supuran, C. T. (2021). Natural products in drug discovery: advances and opportunities. Nature Reviews Drug Discovery, 20(3), 200–216. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41573-020-00114-z
Carneiro, R. L., & Poppi, R. J. (2012). Homogeneity study of ointment dosage forms by infrared imaging spectroscopy. Journal of Pharmaceutical and Biomedical Analysis, 58(1), 42–48. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpba.2011.09.031
Crespo, Y. A., Sánchez, L. R. B., Quintana, Y. G., Cabrera, A. S. T., Del Sol, A. B., & Mayancha, D. M. G. (2019). Evaluation of the synergistic effects of antioxidant activity on mixtures of the essential oil from Apium graveolens L., Thymus vulgaris L. and Coriandrum sativum L. using simplex-lattice design. Heliyon, 5(6), e01942. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2019.e01942
Farhan, A., Alsuwayt, B., Alanazi, F., Yaseen, A., & Ashour, M. A. (2021). Evaluation and HPLC characterisation of a new herbal ointment for the treatment of full-thickness burns in rats. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 16(2), 152-161. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2020.10.023
Goldsmith, W. N. (1946). Ointment bases. The Practitioner, 156(July), 358–363. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0095-9561(15)30238-3
Hartesi, B., Sagita, D., & Qalbi, H. R. (2020). Perbandingan Basis Salep Terhadap Aktivitas Antibakteri Ekstrak Kasar Bromelin Dari Bonggol Nanas. Jurnal Farmasi Galenika (Galenika Journal of Pharmacy)(e-Journal), 6(2). https://doi.org/10.22487/j24428744.2020.v6.i2.15092
Inoue, Y., Maeda, R., Furuya, K., Isamu, M., Masayuki, K., & Kanamoto, I. (2013). Relationship between the usability and physicochemical properties of triamcinolone acetonide ointments. Results in Pharma Sciences, 3, 15-19. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinphs.2013.10.002
Kartini, K., Winarjo, B. M., Fitriani, E. W., & Islamie, R. (2017). Formulation and pH-physical stability evaluation of gel and cream of Plantago major leaves extract. Media Pharmaceutica Indonesiana, 1(3), 174-180. https://doi.org/10.24123/mpi.v1i3.330
Lu, Y., Xiao, Y., Yin, M. Z., Zhou, X. C., Wu, L. S., Chen, W. Q., ... & Zhu, W. (2021). Polyethylene Glycol Ointment Alleviates Psoriasis-Like Inflammation Through Down-Regulating the Function of Th17 Cells and MDSCs. Frontiers in Medicine, 7, 560579. https://doi.org/10.3389/fmed.2020.560579
Maesaroh, I., Pratiwi, D., & Agustin, L. (2020). Ointment Formulation and Test Safety from Sapodilla Manila Leaf Extract (Manilkara zapota L.) with Variation of Ointment Base as an Ulcer Medicine. Indonesian Journal of Pharmaceutics, 2(1), 14-19. https://doi.org/10.24198/idjp.v2i1.25770
Mahato, R. I., & Narang, A. S. (2020). Semisolid Dosage Forms. Pharmaceutical Dosage Forms and Drug Delivery, 409–422. https://doi.org/10.1201/b12122-27
Makaba, S., Tingginehe, R. M., & Ruru, Y. (2021). The Effectiveness of Crocodile Oil Extract Ointment on the Treatment of Burns in Mice (Mus musculus). Medico-Legal Update, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.37506/mlu.v21i2.2835
Mangiwa, S., Mangiwa, S., & Mangiwa, S. (2021). Alkaloid Cytotoxic Test on Ethanol Extract from Itchy Leaves (Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd.). Research and Advances in Pharmacy and Life Sciences, 3(2), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.46610/rapls.2021.v03i02.001
Maru, A. D., & Lahoti, S. R. (2018). Formulation and evaluation of moisturizing cream containing sunflower wax. Int. J. Pharm. Pharm. Sci, 10(11), 54. https://doi.org/10.22159/ijpps.2018v10i11.28645
Putri, F. L. A., Nugroho, A. K., & Setyowati, E. P. (2018). Optimization of HIB Value Combination of Tween 60 and Span 80 on Cream Formulation of Ethanol Extract of Green Tea Leaves (Camellia Sinensis L.). Majalah Obat Tradisional, 23(3), 124-130. https://doi.org/10.22146/mot.38402
Setyawaty, R., Widayat, W., & Dewanto, D. (2020). Formulation and Evaluation of Physical Characteristics of Red Rice Extract (Oryza glaberrima Steud) Lotion. Majalah Farmaseutik, 16(1), 20-26. https://doi.org/10.22146/farmaseutik.v16i1.4612
Simaremare, E. S., Gunawan, E., & Yabansabra, Y. (2020). Evaluation of pharmacological activities of itchy leaf extracts (Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd.). International Journal of Pharmaceutical Research, 12(3), 1316-1327. https://doi.org/10.31838/ijpr/2020.12.03.199
Simaremare, E. S., Tolip, M. R. Y., & Pratiwi, R. D. (2022). Formulation and Effectiveness Test of Analgesic Patch from Itchy Leaves (Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd). Current Applied Science and Technology, 10-55003. https://doi.org/10.55003/cast.2022.03.22.008
Subaryanti, Meianti, D. S. ., & Manalu, R. . (2022). Potensi Antimikroba Ekstrak Etanol Daun Gatal (Urticastrum decumanum (Roxb.) Kuntze) Terhadap Pertumbuhan Staphylococcus aureus dan Candida albicans. Sainstech Farma , 15(2), 93–102.
Sun, K., Sun, Q., Xu, W., Chen, C., Wang, B., & Wang, Y. (2022). The complete chloroplast genome of Laportea bulbifera (Sieb. et Zucc.) Wedd. and its phylogenetic analysis . Mitochondrial DNA Part B, 7(4), 658–660. https://doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2022.2062265
Susanty Simaremare, E. (2019). Anticoagulant activity of ethanolic extract stingging nettle from Biak Numfor. Trends in Pharmaceuticals and Nanotechnology, 1(1), 35-43. http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.2607615
Thalib, A., Masadah, R., Prihartono, P., Hamid, F., Hasan, H., Keliwawa, S., & Labulawa, I. (2021). Laportea decumana (Robx) wedd. herbal endemic potential from Indonesia: A literature review. Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences, 9(F), 639-643. https://doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2021.7759
Wang, M. M., Li, Y. N., Ming, W. K., Wu, P. F., Yi, P., Gong, Z. P., ... & Yuan, C. M. (2022). Bioassay-guided isolation of human carboxylesterase 2 inhibitory and antioxidant constituents from Laportea bulbifera: Inhibition interactions and molecular mechanism. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 15(4), 103723. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.arabjc.2022.103723
Yabansabra, Y. R., Gunawan, E., Kalor, J. D., Simaremare, E. S., Appa, F. E., Barus, A. A., Pratiwi, E. & Tobi, C. H. (2023). Pelatihan Budidaya Daun Gatal Kmiwie Arso, Kabupaten Keerom-Papua. Reswara: Jurnal Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat, 4(1), 306-312.
Yankey, H., & Isaacson, G. (2018). Efficacy of topical 2% mupirocin ointment for treatment of tympanostomy tube otorrhea caused by community-acquired methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus. International Journal of Pediatric Otorhinolaryngology, 109, 36-39. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijporl.2018.03.024
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How to Cite
Ramadani, W., Dewi, K., Pratiwi, R., Simaremare, E., & Nadeak, E. (2023). Optimization of PEG 400 and PEG 6000 in Simplicia Ointment of Laportea decumana (Roxb.) Wedd. International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 6(2), 32-41. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2023.v06i02.004
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