SARS-CoV-2 and Environment: Transmission and Green Combat
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome corona virus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a new zoonotic agent that emerged in December 2019, causes corona virus disease 2019 (COVID-19). The external environment, the internal environment of buildings and human behavior are among the main factors involved in the transmission of SARS-CoV-2. While the viral spread and transmission is significantly affected by the environment, certain green plants could provide stress alleviation from both physical and mental viewpoints. Some such green plants and development of green zones are suggested both at home and workplace, so that the planet too benefits from such greening initiatives.
Keywords:
SARS-CoV-2, Covid 19, green spaces, mental health, green combat
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References
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Sen, S. (2021). Covid 19 and Forests : The Green Combat, Harvest 6(2):17-22
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UNEP (2020). Emerging zoonotic diseases and links to ecosystem health – UNEP Frontiers 2016 chapter. Retrieved from https://www.unep.org/resources/emerging-zoonotic-diseases-and-links-ecosystem-health-unep-frontiers-2016-chapter
WHO. (2020) Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: implications for infection prevention precautions. Scientific brief on 9 July 2020. Geneva: World Health Organization
Ayuob, N. N., Balgoon, M. J., Ali, S., Alnoury, I. S., ALmohaimeed, H. M., & AbdElfattah, A. A. (2020). Ocimum basilicum (basil) modulates apoptosis and neurogenesis in olfactory pulp of mice exposed to chronic unpredictable mild stress. Frontiers in psychiatry, 914. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyt.2020.569711
Biswas, R. and Sen, S. (2020). Urban Eco-Psychological Attitude during COVID 19 ‘Lockdown’: A Survey, International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts 8(7): 3017-3037
Chin AWH, Chu JTS, Perera MRA, Hui KPY, Yen HL, Chan MCW, Peiris M, Poon LLM. (2020) Stability of SARS-CoV-2 in different environmental conditions. Lancet Microbe. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2666-5247(20)30003-3
Dobson, A. P., Pimm, S. L., Hannah, L., Kaufman, L., Ahumada, J. A., Ando, A. W., ... & Vale, M. M. (2020). Ecology and economics for pandemic prevention. Science, 369(6502), 379-381. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc3189
Gulzar, S., & Husssain, S. (2020). Bioinformatics Study on Structural Protein of Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-COV-2) For Better Understanding the Vaccine Development. International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 3(4), 17-25. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.20.v03i04.003
Lai CC, Shih TP, Ko WC, Tang HJ, Hsueh PR. (2020). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19): the epidemic and the challenges. Int J Antimicrob Agents. 2020;55:105924. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijantimicag
Matsumoto, T., Asakura, H. & Hayashi, T. (2013) Does lavender aromatherapy alleviate premenstrual emotional symptoms?: a randomized crossover trial. BioPsychoSocial Med 7, 12. https://doi.org/10.1186/1751-0759-7-12
MHLW (2020a).Measures to prevent the large-scale spread of COVID-19 in workplaces (March 31, 2020). No. 0331-2. Tokyo: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare; 2020. Available at: https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/11303000/000617466.pdf . Assessed 31 Aug 2020. (In Japanese).
MHLW (2020b). Methods of ventilation for improving “closed spaces with poor ventilation” (April 3, 2020). Tokyo: Ministry of Health, Labour and Welfare; 2020. Available at: https://www.mhlw.go.jp/content/10900000/000618969.pdf. Assessed 31 Aug 2020. (In Japanese)
Morawska L, Cao J. (2020).Airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2: the world should face the reality. Environ Int.139:105730.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.envint.2020.105730
Rahayu, S., Pertiwi, W. E., Meidina, L., & Poddar, S. (2021). The Roles of Knowledge and Perceptions in Covid-19 Transmission Prevention Behavior. Malaysian Journal of Medicine & Health Sciences, 17, 62-66.
Ratnesar-Shumate S, Williams G, Green B, Krause M, Holland B, Wood S, Bohannon J, Boydston J, Freeburger D, Hooper I, Beck K, Yeager J, Altamura LA, Biryukov J, Yolitz J, Schuit M, Wahl V, Hevey M, Dabisch P. (2020). Simulated sunlight rapidly inactivates SARS-CoV-2 on surfaces. J Infect Dis. 222:214–22. https://doi.org/10.1093/infdis/jiaa274 .
Ray, R., Rudra, P., Bhattacharjee, AK, Chaudhuri,S., Mukherjee, N. and Sen, S. (2022) Teaching-Learning During The Pandemic And After: A Multi-Disciplinary Approach (In Press)
Sen, S. (2020a).The City Greens: Ushering Sustainable Urbanization, International Journal of Creative Research Thoughts, 8(4):2689-2696
Sen, S. (2020b). ‘Green’-Ing Kolkata: Creating A Sustainable City – An Overview, International Journal of Research and Analytical Reviews, 7(2): 743-752.
Sen, S. (2021). Covid 19 and Forests : The Green Combat, Harvest 6(2):17-22
Sen, S. (2022). Towards Sustainable Urbanization: Greening An Indian Metropolis Indian Forester (In Press)
Sergeeva, O. A., O. Kletke, A. Kragler, A. Poppek, W. Fleischer, S. R. Schubring, B. Goerg, H. L. Haas, X.-R. Zhu, H. Luebbert, G. Gisselmann, H. Hatt. (2010). Fragrant dioxane derivatives identify 1 subunit-containing GABAA receptors. Journal of Biological Chemistry, https://doi.org/10.1074/jbc.M110.103309.
Smither SJ, Eastaugh LS, Findlay JS, Lever MS. (2020) Experimental aerosol survival of SARS-CoV-2 in artificial saliva and tissue culture media at medium and high humidity. Emerg Microbes Infect. 9:1415–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1777906.
Sungnak W, Huang N, Bécavin C, Berg M, Queen R, Litvinukova M, Talavera- López C, Maatz H, Reichart D, Sampaziotis F, Worlock KB, Yoshida M, Barnes JL. (2020) SARS-CoV-2 entry factors are highly expressed in nasal epithelial cells together with innate immune genes. Nat Med. 26:681–7. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0868-6.
UNEP (2020). Emerging zoonotic diseases and links to ecosystem health – UNEP Frontiers 2016 chapter. Retrieved from https://www.unep.org/resources/emerging-zoonotic-diseases-and-links-ecosystem-health-unep-frontiers-2016-chapter
WHO. (2020) Transmission of SARS-CoV-2: implications for infection prevention precautions. Scientific brief on 9 July 2020. Geneva: World Health Organization
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Sen, S. (2022). SARS-CoV-2 and Environment: Transmission and Green Combat. International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 5(2), 1-5. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2022.v05i02.001
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