Diversity of Zooplanktonic Community of two wetlands of Kolkata
Abstract
The diversity of zooplanktonic community of two fresh water wetlands designates as P-1(rain fed) and P-2 (sewage fed), in relation to influence of some abiotic factors (Water temperature,transparency,pH,DO,CO2, DOM, SiO2, PO4-P, NO3-N, Hardness, Alkalinity, COD and BOD) and their seasonal variations have been studied. P-2 has fairly high DO and pH is always alkaline and is also rich in nutrients.But in P-1 all the above parameters recorded low values.The zooplankton community comprised Rotifera, Copepoda, Cladocera and Ostracoda. A total of 76 species (57 of Rotifera, 13 of Cladocera, 5 of Copepoda and 1 of Ostracoda) in P-1 while in P-2, 66 species (47 of Rotifera, 10 of Cladocera, 7 of Copepoda and 2 of Ostracoda) are recorded. Among rotifers Asplanchnasp,,Brachionus spp., Keratella sp.,Filinia sp., Lecane sp., Polyarthrasp., Testudinella sp. and Rotaria sp. are more abundant, among cladoceransDiaphnosomasp., Ceriodaphnia sp. and Moina sp., among copepodaHeliodiaptomus sp.,Mesocyclops spp. and nauplius larvae are more abundant.
Keywords:
Diversity, Zooplankton, abiotic factors, indicator species, wetlands
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References
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Arkawa, T., Yoshida, N., Yoshizawa, K. and Hirabayeshi, K. 1998. Annual and seasonal changes in zooplankton community structure of Lake Kawaguchi, Japan. Jap. J. Limnol. 59(1): 69-78.
Bandyopadhyay, B.K. 1985. Hydrobiology of Some Brackish and Freshwater Ecosystems of West Bengal, India.Ph.D. Thesis. University of Calcutta.
Battish, S.K. 1992.Freshwater zooplankton of India.Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. Calcutta, 232pp.
Biswas, B.K and Konar, S.K. 2000. Influences of NuniaNullah (Canal) discharge on Plankton abundance and diversity in the River Damodar at Narankuri (Raniganj), in West Bengal. Indian J.Environ and Ecoplan.3(2):209-217.
Chakraborti, R.K., Ravichandran. P. Halder,, D.D Mandal,, S.K. and Sanfui, D. 1995. Some physicochemical characteristics of kakdwipbrackishwater ponds and their influence on the survival, growth and production of Penaeusmonodon. Indian J. Fish., 32(2):224 – 235.
Chakravorty, T.K, Sinha, A, Ghani, T, Yadav, A.K and Mandal, A. 2001. Role of Plankton in the conservation of natural Biodiversity of freshwater Environment.National Symposium on Conservation, Management and Sustainable development of Freshwater Resources of India. March 24 – 26.
Chaudhuri, S. 1989. Echological Studies on a Sewage Fed Fish Pond.Ph.D. Thesis, University of Calcutta.
Datta, N.C. and Bandyopadhyay, B.K. 1985.Rotifers as Bioindicators of the State of Aquatic Environment.Symp.Biomonitoring State Environ. Pp. 159 – 166.
Davis, C.C. 1955. The Marine and Freshwater Plankton.East Cansing Michigan State University Press.
Deb, D., Ghosh, M. and Banerjee, S. 1987.Synecology of a Rotifer Bloom in a Freshwater Pisciculture Pond in West Bengal.Proc. Indian Natn. Sci. Acad., B53(1): 61 – 68.
Dussart, B.H., Fernando, C.H., Matasumura – Tundisi and Shield, R.J. 1984. A review of systematics, distribution and ecology of tropical freshwater zooplankton.Hydrobiologia.113: 77– 91.
Edmondson, W.T. 1959. Freshwater biology, @ndedn.John Wiley and Sons, Inc. N.Y.
Gannon, J.E. and Stemberger, R.S. 1978. Zooplankton (especially crustaceans and rotifers) as indicatirs of water quality.Trans. Amer. Microns. Soc.,97 (10; 16-35.
George, M.G. 1966. Comparative plankton ecology of five fish tank in Delhi, India.Hydrobiologia,27: 81-108.
Ghosh, M.K. and Banerjee, S. 1996. Macrobenthic Faunal Diversity of Two freshwater pisciculture Ponds of West Bengal.Proc. Zool. Soc., Calcutta, 49(2): 171-192.
Green, J. 1972. Latitudinal variation in association of planktonic Rotifers.J. Zool. Lond., 167: 31-34.
Hazarika, A.K. and Dutta, A. 1994.Limnological studies of two freshwater ponds of Guwahati, Assam. Environ. Ecol., 12(1): 26-29.
Hulyal S.B. and Kaliwal B.B. 2008.Water quality assessment of Almatti Reservoir of Bijapur (Karnataka State, India) with special reference to zooplankton.Environ. Monit.and Assess., 139, 299–306 .
Hutchinson, G.E. 1967. A Treatise on Limnology. II. Introduction to Lake Biology and the Limnoplankton. John. Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
IsshadAhmad ,Ahangar, M., Farooq Mir, Saksena, D. N. . and M. A. Ahangar. 2012. Zooplankton diversity with relation to trophic status in anchar lake, Kashmi. Vol. 4, Issue, 07, pp.046-048.
Jamila, I. 2018: Temporal and spatial variations in Rotifer density with environmental factors of three Kashmir Lakes, India. International Journal of Theoretical& Applied Sciences, 10(1): 109–116.
Jana, B.B. and Kundu, G. 1993. Influence of prolonged summer on the limnology and chlorophyll content of phytoplankton in two tropical fish ponds. Arch. Hydribiol Suppl., 90(4): 507-532.
Jindal, R. and Thakur, R.K. 2014: Hydrobiology and productivity of Kuntbhyog Lake, (District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh), India. International Journal of Environmental Engineering, 6(4): 449–459.
Juneja, C.J. 1979. Haematological Studies of Fish with Special Reference to the Effect of water Pollution on the blood and haemopoietic Tissue. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Rajasthan, Jaipur.
Kar, S. and Kar, D. 2013. Studies on zooplankton diversity of an oxbow lake of South Assam, India. International Journal of Current Research, 5(12):3652-3655.
Khan, M.A. and Rao, I.S. 1981.Zooplankton in the evaluation of pollution. In: WHO workshop on biological indicators and indices of environmental pollution. Cent.Bt. Prev. Cont. Poll., Osmania Univ., Hyderabad.
Khandaya, T. P. and Singh, B.S. 2019: Diversity of zooplankton of Gangulpara dam district Balaghat (M.P.). International Journal of Zoology Studies, 4(2): 60–62.
Lougheed, V.L and Chow-fresher, P. 1998. Factors that regulate the zooplankton community structure of a turbid, hyper eutrophic Great Lakes Wetland. Can. J. Fish.Aquat. Sci. J Can. Sci. Halient, Aquat. 55(1): 150-161.
Malik, D.S. and Panwar, P. 2016: Zooplankton diversity, species richness and their distribution pattern in Bhimtal Lake of Kumaun region, (Uttarakhand). Hydrology Current Research, 7(1): 1–7.
Mandal, N. 1985.Limnological studies of a Freshwater Fish Pond with Special Reference to Zooplankton. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Calcutta.
Mandal, S.K. 2000.An ecological appraisal of the zooplankton community of westwater impoundments in relation to pisciculture.Ph.D. Thesis. University of Calcutta.
Manickam, N., Saravanabhavan, P. and Santhanam, P. 2017: Seasonal variations in species composition and community structure of zooplankton in two perennial lakes of Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, Southern India. Jourmal of Aquatic Research & Marine Sciences, 1(1): 1–12.
Manickam, N., Saravanabhavan, P., Santhanam, P. and Rajagopal, B. 2018: Impact of seasonal changes in zooplankton biodiversity in Ukkadam Lake, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, and potential future implications of climate change. The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology, 79: 15.
Michael, P. 1990. Ecological methods for field and laboratory investigations.Tata McGraw-Hill, publishing Co. Ltd.
Michael, R.G. 1968. Studies on zooplankton of a tropical fish pond.Hydrobiologia.33(1): 144-160.
Mulani, S.K., Mule, M.B and Patil, S.U. 2009.Studies on water quality and zooplankton community of the Panchganga River in Kolhapur city.J. of Environ. Bio.,30, 455-459 .
O’Brien, J. and Noyelles, De. 1972. Photosynthetically elevated pH as a factor in zooplankton mortality in nutrient enriched ponds. Ecology, 53: 605-614.
Patalas, K. and Salki, A. 1984.Effects of impoundment and diversion on the crustacean plankton of Southern India Lake.Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci.,41: 613-637.
Pennak, R.W. 1978. Freshwater Invertebrates of the United States.John. Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
Ramalingappa, A., rajashekar, M. and Vijaykumar, K. 2015: Zooplankton diversity in Heroor reservoir, Kalaburagi district, Karnataka. International Research Journal of Emerging Trends in Multidisciplinary, 1(8): 18–31.
Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1980. The abundance and distribution of Filiniaterminalis in various types of lakes as related to temperature, oxygen and food. Hydrobiologia.73: 169-175.
Saz, H.J. 1971. Facultative anaerobiosis in invertebrates: Pathways and control systems. Am. Zool., 11:125-135.
Sharma, B.K. and Noroh, N. 2020. Zooplankton diversity of three floodplain lakes of the Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere reserve, upper Assam, north-east India. International Journal of Aquatic Bio-logy,8(1):18–34. doi: 10.22034/ijab.v8i1.730.
Sharma, B.K. 1983. The Indian species of genus Brachionus (Eurotatoria:Monogononta:Brachionidae) Hydrobiologia,104:31-39.
Sharma, B.K. 1992. Systematics distribution and ecology of freshwater rotifer in West Bengal. In: Aquatic Ecology (ed: S.R. Mishra and D.N. Saksena): 231-273.
Sharma, B.K. 1996. Biodiversity of Freshwater Ritifera in India – A status Report. Proc. Zool. Soc. Calcutta, 49(2): 73- 85.
Sharma, B.K. and Dudani, V.K. 1992. Rotifers from some tropical ponds in Bihar: species composition, similarities and trophic indicators. J. Indian Inst. Sci., 71:121-130.
Sharma, B.K. and Hatimuria, M.K. 2017: Zooplankton diversity of three floodplain lakes (beels) of the Majuli River Island, Brahmaputra river basin of Assam, northeast India. Journal of Aquaculture and Marine Biology, 6(1): 00144.
Sharma, B.K. and Sharma, S. 2000. Freshwater rotifers (Rotifera: Eurotatoria). State Fauna Series: Fauna of Tripura, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta. 7 (4), 163-224 .
Sharma, B.K. and Sharma, S. 2012. Diversity of zooplankton of a tropical floodplain lake of the Brahmaputra river basin, Assam (North-east India).OpusculaZoologica Budapest, 43(2): 187–195.
Shiel, R.J. and Koste, W. 1983.Rotifer communities of billabongs in North and South Eastern Australia.Hydrobiologia.104:41-47.
Shukla, P., Preeti, and Singh, A. 2013.A seasonal variations of plankton population of Maheshara Lake in Gorakhpur, India. World Journal of Zoology, 8(1), 09–16.
Shwetanshumalaand Sharma, L.L. 2020: Diversity of zooplankton and their seasonal variation of diversity in the Nandeshwer Dam, Udaipur, Rajasthan (India). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 8(2): 1482–1484
Singh, J.P. and Roy, S.P. 1995. Limno-biotic investigation of Kanwar Lake, Begusarai, Bihar.Environ. Ecol.,13(2): 330-335.
Singh, S. and Sharma, R.C. (2020): Zooplankton diversity and potential indicator species for assessment water quality of high altitude wetland, Dodi Tal of Garhwal Himalaya, India. Academia Arena, 12(5):1–16.
Thomas, S. and Azis, A. 1998.Plankton abundance and zonal differentiation in the Peppara reservoir, Kerala.Indian J. Env.&Ecoplan.1(1 &2):21 – 25.
Unni, K.S. and Fole, A.P. 1997. Distribution and diversity of Rotifers in Kanhargov reservoir, Chhindwara, M.P. Proc. Indian Natn. Sci. Acad., B63 (1& 2): 11-20.
Unni, K.S.1993. Limnology of Central Indian Lakes ,Reserviors and Ponds- a review, In: Ecology and Pollution of Indian Lakes and Reserviors (Eds: P.C. Mishra and R.K. Trivedi): 237-267.
Vreethiah, K., Narayanan, M and Arockiasamy, S. 1999. Zooplankton ecology in the retting zone of Anandan Victoria Martandavaraman canal.Ind. J. Environ & Ecoplan.2(2): 141-195.
Ward, H.B. and Whipple, G.C. 1959. Freshwater Biology, W.T. Edmondson [Eds.] 2nd edition.John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Welch, P.S.1948. Limnological methods.McGrow-Hill Book Co. Inc. Blakiston Div. Philadelphia.
Williams, W.D. 1966. Conductivity and the concentration of total dissolved solids in Australian lakes. Australian J. Mar. Freshwat. Res., 17:169-176.
Zeetler, E.R. and Carter, J.C.H. 1986. Zooplankton community and species response to a natural turbidity gradient in Lake Temiskoning.Ontario-Ouebec.Can. J. Fish.Aquatic. Sci., 43:665-673.
Arkawa, T., Yoshida, N., Yoshizawa, K. and Hirabayeshi, K. 1998. Annual and seasonal changes in zooplankton community structure of Lake Kawaguchi, Japan. Jap. J. Limnol. 59(1): 69-78.
Bandyopadhyay, B.K. 1985. Hydrobiology of Some Brackish and Freshwater Ecosystems of West Bengal, India.Ph.D. Thesis. University of Calcutta.
Battish, S.K. 1992.Freshwater zooplankton of India.Oxford and IBH Publishing Co. Pvt. Ltd. Calcutta, 232pp.
Biswas, B.K and Konar, S.K. 2000. Influences of NuniaNullah (Canal) discharge on Plankton abundance and diversity in the River Damodar at Narankuri (Raniganj), in West Bengal. Indian J.Environ and Ecoplan.3(2):209-217.
Chakraborti, R.K., Ravichandran. P. Halder,, D.D Mandal,, S.K. and Sanfui, D. 1995. Some physicochemical characteristics of kakdwipbrackishwater ponds and their influence on the survival, growth and production of Penaeusmonodon. Indian J. Fish., 32(2):224 – 235.
Chakravorty, T.K, Sinha, A, Ghani, T, Yadav, A.K and Mandal, A. 2001. Role of Plankton in the conservation of natural Biodiversity of freshwater Environment.National Symposium on Conservation, Management and Sustainable development of Freshwater Resources of India. March 24 – 26.
Chaudhuri, S. 1989. Echological Studies on a Sewage Fed Fish Pond.Ph.D. Thesis, University of Calcutta.
Datta, N.C. and Bandyopadhyay, B.K. 1985.Rotifers as Bioindicators of the State of Aquatic Environment.Symp.Biomonitoring State Environ. Pp. 159 – 166.
Davis, C.C. 1955. The Marine and Freshwater Plankton.East Cansing Michigan State University Press.
Deb, D., Ghosh, M. and Banerjee, S. 1987.Synecology of a Rotifer Bloom in a Freshwater Pisciculture Pond in West Bengal.Proc. Indian Natn. Sci. Acad., B53(1): 61 – 68.
Dussart, B.H., Fernando, C.H., Matasumura – Tundisi and Shield, R.J. 1984. A review of systematics, distribution and ecology of tropical freshwater zooplankton.Hydrobiologia.113: 77– 91.
Edmondson, W.T. 1959. Freshwater biology, @ndedn.John Wiley and Sons, Inc. N.Y.
Gannon, J.E. and Stemberger, R.S. 1978. Zooplankton (especially crustaceans and rotifers) as indicatirs of water quality.Trans. Amer. Microns. Soc.,97 (10; 16-35.
George, M.G. 1966. Comparative plankton ecology of five fish tank in Delhi, India.Hydrobiologia,27: 81-108.
Ghosh, M.K. and Banerjee, S. 1996. Macrobenthic Faunal Diversity of Two freshwater pisciculture Ponds of West Bengal.Proc. Zool. Soc., Calcutta, 49(2): 171-192.
Green, J. 1972. Latitudinal variation in association of planktonic Rotifers.J. Zool. Lond., 167: 31-34.
Hazarika, A.K. and Dutta, A. 1994.Limnological studies of two freshwater ponds of Guwahati, Assam. Environ. Ecol., 12(1): 26-29.
Hulyal S.B. and Kaliwal B.B. 2008.Water quality assessment of Almatti Reservoir of Bijapur (Karnataka State, India) with special reference to zooplankton.Environ. Monit.and Assess., 139, 299–306 .
Hutchinson, G.E. 1967. A Treatise on Limnology. II. Introduction to Lake Biology and the Limnoplankton. John. Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
IsshadAhmad ,Ahangar, M., Farooq Mir, Saksena, D. N. . and M. A. Ahangar. 2012. Zooplankton diversity with relation to trophic status in anchar lake, Kashmi. Vol. 4, Issue, 07, pp.046-048.
Jamila, I. 2018: Temporal and spatial variations in Rotifer density with environmental factors of three Kashmir Lakes, India. International Journal of Theoretical& Applied Sciences, 10(1): 109–116.
Jana, B.B. and Kundu, G. 1993. Influence of prolonged summer on the limnology and chlorophyll content of phytoplankton in two tropical fish ponds. Arch. Hydribiol Suppl., 90(4): 507-532.
Jindal, R. and Thakur, R.K. 2014: Hydrobiology and productivity of Kuntbhyog Lake, (District Mandi, Himachal Pradesh), India. International Journal of Environmental Engineering, 6(4): 449–459.
Juneja, C.J. 1979. Haematological Studies of Fish with Special Reference to the Effect of water Pollution on the blood and haemopoietic Tissue. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Rajasthan, Jaipur.
Kar, S. and Kar, D. 2013. Studies on zooplankton diversity of an oxbow lake of South Assam, India. International Journal of Current Research, 5(12):3652-3655.
Khan, M.A. and Rao, I.S. 1981.Zooplankton in the evaluation of pollution. In: WHO workshop on biological indicators and indices of environmental pollution. Cent.Bt. Prev. Cont. Poll., Osmania Univ., Hyderabad.
Khandaya, T. P. and Singh, B.S. 2019: Diversity of zooplankton of Gangulpara dam district Balaghat (M.P.). International Journal of Zoology Studies, 4(2): 60–62.
Lougheed, V.L and Chow-fresher, P. 1998. Factors that regulate the zooplankton community structure of a turbid, hyper eutrophic Great Lakes Wetland. Can. J. Fish.Aquat. Sci. J Can. Sci. Halient, Aquat. 55(1): 150-161.
Malik, D.S. and Panwar, P. 2016: Zooplankton diversity, species richness and their distribution pattern in Bhimtal Lake of Kumaun region, (Uttarakhand). Hydrology Current Research, 7(1): 1–7.
Mandal, N. 1985.Limnological studies of a Freshwater Fish Pond with Special Reference to Zooplankton. Ph.D. Thesis. University of Calcutta.
Mandal, S.K. 2000.An ecological appraisal of the zooplankton community of westwater impoundments in relation to pisciculture.Ph.D. Thesis. University of Calcutta.
Manickam, N., Saravanabhavan, P. and Santhanam, P. 2017: Seasonal variations in species composition and community structure of zooplankton in two perennial lakes of Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, Southern India. Jourmal of Aquatic Research & Marine Sciences, 1(1): 1–12.
Manickam, N., Saravanabhavan, P., Santhanam, P. and Rajagopal, B. 2018: Impact of seasonal changes in zooplankton biodiversity in Ukkadam Lake, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India, and potential future implications of climate change. The Journal of Basic and Applied Zoology, 79: 15.
Michael, P. 1990. Ecological methods for field and laboratory investigations.Tata McGraw-Hill, publishing Co. Ltd.
Michael, R.G. 1968. Studies on zooplankton of a tropical fish pond.Hydrobiologia.33(1): 144-160.
Mulani, S.K., Mule, M.B and Patil, S.U. 2009.Studies on water quality and zooplankton community of the Panchganga River in Kolhapur city.J. of Environ. Bio.,30, 455-459 .
O’Brien, J. and Noyelles, De. 1972. Photosynthetically elevated pH as a factor in zooplankton mortality in nutrient enriched ponds. Ecology, 53: 605-614.
Patalas, K. and Salki, A. 1984.Effects of impoundment and diversion on the crustacean plankton of Southern India Lake.Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci.,41: 613-637.
Pennak, R.W. 1978. Freshwater Invertebrates of the United States.John. Wiley and Sons, Inc., New York.
Ramalingappa, A., rajashekar, M. and Vijaykumar, K. 2015: Zooplankton diversity in Heroor reservoir, Kalaburagi district, Karnataka. International Research Journal of Emerging Trends in Multidisciplinary, 1(8): 18–31.
Ruttner-Kolisko, A. 1980. The abundance and distribution of Filiniaterminalis in various types of lakes as related to temperature, oxygen and food. Hydrobiologia.73: 169-175.
Saz, H.J. 1971. Facultative anaerobiosis in invertebrates: Pathways and control systems. Am. Zool., 11:125-135.
Sharma, B.K. and Noroh, N. 2020. Zooplankton diversity of three floodplain lakes of the Dibru-Saikhowa Biosphere reserve, upper Assam, north-east India. International Journal of Aquatic Bio-logy,8(1):18–34. doi: 10.22034/ijab.v8i1.730.
Sharma, B.K. 1983. The Indian species of genus Brachionus (Eurotatoria:Monogononta:Brachionidae) Hydrobiologia,104:31-39.
Sharma, B.K. 1992. Systematics distribution and ecology of freshwater rotifer in West Bengal. In: Aquatic Ecology (ed: S.R. Mishra and D.N. Saksena): 231-273.
Sharma, B.K. 1996. Biodiversity of Freshwater Ritifera in India – A status Report. Proc. Zool. Soc. Calcutta, 49(2): 73- 85.
Sharma, B.K. and Dudani, V.K. 1992. Rotifers from some tropical ponds in Bihar: species composition, similarities and trophic indicators. J. Indian Inst. Sci., 71:121-130.
Sharma, B.K. and Hatimuria, M.K. 2017: Zooplankton diversity of three floodplain lakes (beels) of the Majuli River Island, Brahmaputra river basin of Assam, northeast India. Journal of Aquaculture and Marine Biology, 6(1): 00144.
Sharma, B.K. and Sharma, S. 2000. Freshwater rotifers (Rotifera: Eurotatoria). State Fauna Series: Fauna of Tripura, Zoological Survey of India, Calcutta. 7 (4), 163-224 .
Sharma, B.K. and Sharma, S. 2012. Diversity of zooplankton of a tropical floodplain lake of the Brahmaputra river basin, Assam (North-east India).OpusculaZoologica Budapest, 43(2): 187–195.
Shiel, R.J. and Koste, W. 1983.Rotifer communities of billabongs in North and South Eastern Australia.Hydrobiologia.104:41-47.
Shukla, P., Preeti, and Singh, A. 2013.A seasonal variations of plankton population of Maheshara Lake in Gorakhpur, India. World Journal of Zoology, 8(1), 09–16.
Shwetanshumalaand Sharma, L.L. 2020: Diversity of zooplankton and their seasonal variation of diversity in the Nandeshwer Dam, Udaipur, Rajasthan (India). Journal of Entomology and Zoology Studies, 8(2): 1482–1484
Singh, J.P. and Roy, S.P. 1995. Limno-biotic investigation of Kanwar Lake, Begusarai, Bihar.Environ. Ecol.,13(2): 330-335.
Singh, S. and Sharma, R.C. (2020): Zooplankton diversity and potential indicator species for assessment water quality of high altitude wetland, Dodi Tal of Garhwal Himalaya, India. Academia Arena, 12(5):1–16.
Thomas, S. and Azis, A. 1998.Plankton abundance and zonal differentiation in the Peppara reservoir, Kerala.Indian J. Env.&Ecoplan.1(1 &2):21 – 25.
Unni, K.S. and Fole, A.P. 1997. Distribution and diversity of Rotifers in Kanhargov reservoir, Chhindwara, M.P. Proc. Indian Natn. Sci. Acad., B63 (1& 2): 11-20.
Unni, K.S.1993. Limnology of Central Indian Lakes ,Reserviors and Ponds- a review, In: Ecology and Pollution of Indian Lakes and Reserviors (Eds: P.C. Mishra and R.K. Trivedi): 237-267.
Vreethiah, K., Narayanan, M and Arockiasamy, S. 1999. Zooplankton ecology in the retting zone of Anandan Victoria Martandavaraman canal.Ind. J. Environ & Ecoplan.2(2): 141-195.
Ward, H.B. and Whipple, G.C. 1959. Freshwater Biology, W.T. Edmondson [Eds.] 2nd edition.John Wiley and Sons, New York.
Welch, P.S.1948. Limnological methods.McGrow-Hill Book Co. Inc. Blakiston Div. Philadelphia.
Williams, W.D. 1966. Conductivity and the concentration of total dissolved solids in Australian lakes. Australian J. Mar. Freshwat. Res., 17:169-176.
Zeetler, E.R. and Carter, J.C.H. 1986. Zooplankton community and species response to a natural turbidity gradient in Lake Temiskoning.Ontario-Ouebec.Can. J. Fish.Aquatic. Sci., 43:665-673.
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Patra, S. (2022). Diversity of Zooplanktonic Community of two wetlands of Kolkata. International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 5(1), 18-28. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2022.v05i01.004
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