Mortality of Sprague Dawley (SD) Rat on Long Term High-Fat Diet (HFD)

Sprague Dawley (SD) Rat on Long Term High-Fat Diet (HFD)

  • Christianus Rustin School of Graduate Studies, Postgraduate Centre, Management & Science University (MSU), Shah Alam, Malaysia https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2209-0820
  • Zulhabri Othman School of Graduate Studies, Postgraduate Centre, Management & Science University (MSU), Shah Alam, Malaysia.
  • Muhammad Fakhruddin Irfan Bin Sazali School of Graduate Studies, Postgraduate Centre, Management & Science University (MSU), Shah Alam, Malaysia.

Abstract

Background and Objective: Heart failure is linked with metabolic syndrome due to an unbalanced dietary intake. Previous studies suggest that cardiac dysfunction is related to chronic inflammation due to injury within the heart muscle. This study focused on the examination and sudden death of  Sprague Dawley (SD) rat which was on long-term High-Fat Diet (HFD). The outcomes will potentially provide an insight into future research in sudden death due to HFD. Methods: Total of 15 SD rats grouped into ten HFD and five on normal diet (ND); Female SD rats on HFD underwent physical examination, tissue analysis 12 hours post-death using Hematoxylin & Eosin (H&E) followed by morphological assessment and SD rats from ND used as control. Microscopic images processed using ImageJ and data analysis performed in SPSS software. Results: No significant physical trauma prior to death, however on the 60th day SD rat suffered chronic inflammation to cardiac tissues with Lee Index (LI) of 0.30, indicated the occurrence of Myocardial infarction (MI). The average mean between the size area of inflammation and the region on cardiac tissue is (834.19 ± 103.41) and   94.2% of inflammation activities explained by the four random regions of cardiac tissue (R2= 0.942, F(1, 2)= 32.401, p< 0.05), with every one unit increase in the size area of inflammation, the infected region of cardiac tissue is estimated to increase at 0.970 (β= 0.970, p< 0.05). Conclusion: Chronic inflammation resulted in myocardial injuries led to mortality of SD rats largely due to HFD.

Keywords: Sprague Dawley, Inflammation, Histology, Myocardial Infraction

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

Delorme, C. B., Wojcik, J., Gordon, C. (1981). Method of addition of cellulose to experimental diets and its effect on rat growth and protien utilization. The Journal of Nutrition, 1522-1527.
DMi8A, L. (2018). Leica DMi8A Optical-Microscope-Guide. Retrieved from https://labs.jhu.edu/wp- content/uploads.
Fenton, P., Dowling, M. (1953). Studies on obesity: Nutrition obesity in mice. J Nutr, 49, 319-331.
Ferreira, T., Rasband, W. (2012). ImageJ user guide. ImageJ user Guid, 1, 46.
Gurung, A. B., Mayengbam, B., Bhattacharjee, A. (2018). Discovery of novel drug candidates for inhibiton of soluble epoxide hydrolase of arachidonic acid cascade pathway implicated in atherosclerosis. Comput. Biol. Chem, 74, 1-11.
Hariri, N., Thibault, L. (2010). High-fat-diet-induced obesity in animal models. Nutrition Research Review, 23, 270-299.
Kershaw, E., Flier, J. S. (2004). Adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. J Clin Endocrinol Metab, 89, 2548-2556.
Kiess, W., Petzold, S., Töpfer, M.,Garten, A., Blüher , S.,Kapellen, T., Körner, A., Kratzsch, J. (2008). Adipocytes and adipose tissue. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab, 22, 135-153.
Konopelnyuk, V., Kot, L., Ostapchenko, L. (2015). Effect of Trigonella Foenum-Graecum seed powder on anthropometrical and nutritional parameter. Journal of Applied Pharmaceutical Science, 5(11), 095-100.
Lorimer, M. (2019). An introduction to data analysis using SPSS, 1-28. Retrieved from http://www.lboro.ac.uk/media/schoollanddepartment/mlsc/download/spss-and-statistics-guide.pdf.
Lousinha, A., Antunes, E., Borrecho, B., Oliveira, M.J.,Brito, J.,Dos Santos, J.M. (2015). Histomorphometric evaluation of the small coronary arteries in rats exposed to industrial noise. Int. J. Mol. Sci, 16, 10095-10104.
Pokhrel, S., Guotian, Y. (2017). MicroRNA and its role in cardiovascular disease. Word J. Cardiovasc. Dis, 07, 340-357.
Rodríguez-Correa, E., González-Pérez, I., Clavel-Pérez, P. I., Contreras-Vargas, Y., Carvajal, K.
(2020). Biochemical and nutritional overview of diet-induced metabolic syndrome modelsin rats: What is the best choice? Nutrition and Diabetes, 10, 24.
Skelton, J. D., DeMattia, L.,Miller, L.,Olivier, M. (2006). Obesity and its therapy: from genes to community action. Pediatr Clin North Am, 53, 777-794.
Slaoui, M., Fiette, L. (2011). Histopathology Procedures: From Tissue Sampling to Histopathological Evaluation. In: Gautier, JC. (Eds.), Drug Safety Evaluation. Methods in Molecular Biology (Methods and Protocols), 691. Humana Press. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-849-2_4.
Sorsiky, A. (1999). From preadipocyte to adipocyte.: differentiation-directed signals of insulin from the cell surface to the nucleus. Crit Rev Clin Lab Sci, 36, 1-34.
Sowash, J. R. (2009). Rat dissection, 1-9. Retrieved from http://www.sps186.org/downloads/basic/621004/Rat%20Dissection.pdf
Thent, Z. C., Teoh, S.L., Das, S., Zakaria, Z. (2012). Histology changes in the heart and the proximal aorta in experimental diabetic rats fed piper sarmentsoum. Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med, 9(3), 396-404.
Statistics
588 Views | 367 Downloads
How to Cite
Rustin, C., Othman, Z., & Sazali, M. (2021). Mortality of Sprague Dawley (SD) Rat on Long Term High-Fat Diet (HFD). International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 4(1), 31-37. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.20.v04i01.005