Neutralizing Antibodies to COVID-19 Virus: Merits and Limitations
Abstract
Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS COV 2) , a newly emerged coronavirus swept over globally causing coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID -19) pandemic. Immunological response to SARS COV 2 is a major focus of discussion at present, from the perspectives of clinical presentation in patients, and prophylactic and therapeutic measures against the disease. A good understanding of the immunopathogenesis of the condition, and host response to the pathogen is pertinent for guiding effective treatment. In the current review, we discuss the essential concepts of neutralizing antibodies against SARS COV 2, elaborating on their mechanism of action, and their association, if any, in limiting the progression of the disease vis-à-vis in causing disease severity.
Keywords:
COVID 19, SARS COV 2, ACE2, CDC
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References
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Arvin, AM., Fink, K., Schmid, MA., Cathcart, A., Spreafco, R., HavenarDaughton, C., et al.(2020) A perspective on potential antibody-dependent enhancement of SARS-CoV-2. Nature, 584(7821),353–63.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2538-8
Callaway, BE., Cyranoski,D., Mallapaty, S., Stoye, E., Tollefson, J. (2020). Coronavirus by the numbers. Nature, 579,482–3. https://doi.org/10.1038/d41586-020-00758-2
Cohen, J. (2020). Mining coronavirus genomes for clues to the outbreak’s origins. Science, 31, 31.https://www.sciencemag.org/news/2020/01/
Duan, L.,Zheng, Q., Zhang, H., Niu, Y., Lou, Y.,Wang, H. (2020). The SARS-CoV-2 Spike Glycoprotein Biosynthesis, Structure, Function, and Antigenicity: Implications for the Design of Spike-Based Vaccine Immunogens. Front. Immunol, 11, 576622. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.576622
Duan, K., Liu,B.,Li,C.,Zhang,H.,Yu,T.,Qu,J.et al.( 2020). Effectiveness of convalescent plasma therapy in severe COVID-19 patients. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA ,117, 9490–9496. https://doi.org/10.1073/pnas.2004168117
Ju, B., Zhang, Q., Ge, J., Wang, R., Sun, J., Ge, X. (2020). Human Neutralizing Antibodies Elicited By SARS-CoV-2 Infection. Nature, 584, 115–119.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41586-020-2380-z
Long, QX., Liu, BZ., Deng,HJ.,Wu,GC.,Deng,K.,Chen,YK. et al.(2020). Antibody responses to SARS-CoV-2 in patients with COVID-19. Nat Med, 26, 845–848.https://doi.org/10.1038/s41591-020-0897-1
Lu, LL.; Suscovich, TJ.; Fortune, SM.; Alter, G. (2017). Beyond Binding: Antibody Effector Functions in Infectious Diseases. Nat Rev Immunol, 18, 46–61 .https://doi.org/10.1038/nri.2017.106
Okba, NMA., Muller, MA., Li,W.,Wang,C.,GuertsvanKessel, CH.,Corman,VM. (2020). Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2-specific antibody responses in coronavirus disease patients. Emerg Infect Dis, 26: 1478–1488.https://doi.org/10.3201/eid2607.200841
Overbaugh, J.; Morris, L. (2011). The Antibody Response against Hiv-1. Cold Spring Harb. Perspect. Med, 2, A007039.
Rogers, TF.,Zhao,F.,Huang,D.,Boutler,N.,Wan-Yinghe,AB.,Limbo,O.( 2020) . Isolation of potent SARS-CoV-2 neutralizing antibodies and protection from disease in a small animal model. Science, 369, 956–963. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc7520
Schreiber, G.(2020). The Role of Type I Interferons in the Pathogenesis and Treatment of COVID-19. Front Immunol, 11, 595739. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2020.595739
Shen, L., Wang,c.,Zhao,J.,Tang,X.,Shen,y.,Lu,M et al.( 2020). Delayed specific IgM antibody responses observed among COVID-19 patients with severe progression. Emerg Microbes Infect, 9, 1096–1101. https://doi.org/10.1080/22221751.2020.1766382
Shrivastava,S., Palkar,S., Shah,J., Rane,P., Lalwani,S., Mishra,AC. et al.(2021). Early and High SARS-CoV-2 Neutralizing Antibodies Are Associated with Severity in COVID-19 Patients from India. Am J Trop MedHyg, 105(2), 401–406. https://doi.org/10.4269/ajtmh.21-0014
Van Erp, E.A., Luytjes, W., Ferwerda, G., Van Kasteren, P.B. (2019). Fc-Mediated Antibody Effector Functions during Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection and Disease. Front Immunol, 10, 548. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2019.00548
Wajnberg, A., Amanat, F., Firpo, A., Altman, DR., Bailey, MJ., Mansour, M et al.(2020). Robust neutralizing antibodies to SARS-CoV-2 infection persist for months. Science,370(6521),1227–30. https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abd7728
Wrapp, D., Wang, N., Corbett, KS., Goldsmith, JA., Hsieh, C-L., Abiona, O. et al. (2020). Cryo-EM structure of the 2019-nCoV spike in the prefusion conforma tion. Science,367(6483),1260–3.https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abb2507
Wu, Y., Wang, F., Shen, C., Peng, W., Li D., Zhao, C et al.(2020). A noncompeting pair of human neutralizing antibodies block COVID-19 virus binding to its receptor ACE2. Science, 368(6496),1274–8.https://doi.org/10.1126/science.abc2241
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How to Cite
Nayak, N., Panigrahi, D., & Khan, E. (2022). Neutralizing Antibodies to COVID-19 Virus: Merits and Limitations. International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 5(4), 1-4. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2022.v05i04.001
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Review Articles
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