Juxtaposition on Discrete Covid-19 Vaccines: For Rudimentary and Pivotal Cognizance
Abstract
This paper accomplishes an introduction to diverse types of vaccines against coronavirus. Many countries, researchers and pharmaceutical companies worked abundantly so that they could discover a safe and effective vaccine against COVID-19. In response to this, vaccines were discovered on a fast track mode and companies registered for an emergency use authorization, so that it would be helpful to society during pandemic. Manufacturers and various regulatory units are working tirelessly to develop, manufacture and deploy safe and effective vaccines. Scanty information is added on divergent COVID vaccines encompassing information related to the developer, vaccine class, description, efficacy rate, dosing, storage, permitted age groups and authorizations issued.
Keywords:
Authorizations, Coronavirus, Efficacy, Dosing, Vaccine, Vaccine Class
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References
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Ayan, D., Chozhavel Rajanathan, T. M., Harish, C., Hari Pericherla, P. R., Sanjeev, K., et al. (2021). Immunogenic potential of DNA vaccine candidate, ZyCoV-D against SARS-CoV-2 in animal models. Vaccine, 39 (30), 4108-4116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.098
Baden, L. R., El Sahly, H. M., Essink, B,, Kotloff, K., Frey, S., Novak, R., et al. (2021). Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine. The New England Journal of Medicine, 384(5), 403-416. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2035389
Bharat Biotech International Ltd.(2021, January 15). Covaxin- Summary of Product Characteristics. Retrieved August 29, 2021, from https://cdsco.gov.in/opencms/export/sites/CDSCO_WEB/en/COVAXIN-SMPC_-BBIL.pdf
Denis Logunov, Y., Inna Dolzhikova, V., Olga Zubkova, V., Amir, Tukhvatullin I., Dmitry Shcheblyakov, V., et al. (2020). Safety and immunogenicity of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine in two formulations: two open, non-randomised phase ½ studies from Russia. The Lancet, 396(10255), 887-897. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31866-3
Denis Logunov, Y., Inna Dolzhikova, V., Dmitry Shcheblyakov, V., Amir Tukhvatulin, I., Olga VZubkova, V., et al. (2021). Safety and efficacy of a rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine: an interim analysis of a randomised controlled phase 3 trial in Russia. The Lancet, 397, 671-681. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(21)00234-8
Dr. Reddy’s SPUTNIK V Gam-COVID-Vac. (2021, April 1). Summary of Product Characteristics. Retrieved August 28, 2021, from https://cdsco.gov.in/opencms/resources/UploadCDSCOWeb/2018/UploadSmPC/SMPCsputinikdr.Reddys.pdf
Edward Walsh, E., Robert, F., Ann Falsey, R., Nicholas, K., Judith, A., et al. (2020). RNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccine BNT162b2 Selected for a Pivotal Efficacy Study. The New England Journal of Medicine, 383, 2439-2450. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2027906
EMA AstraZeneca. (2021, January 29). Report on- AstraZeneca, COVID 19 Vaccine (ChAdOx1 S [recombinant]). Retrieved August 29, 2021, from https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca-product-information-approved-chmp-29-january-2021-pending-endorsement_en.pdf
EMA Vaxzevria. (2021, August). Report on Vaxzevria COVID-19 Vaccine (ChAdOx1-S [recombinant]). Retrieved August 29, 2021, from https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/vaxzevria-previously-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca-epar-product-information_en.pdf
Fernando Polack, P., Stephen Thomas, J., Nicholas, K., Judith, A., Alejandra, G., et al. (2020). Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine. The New England Journal of Medicine, 383(27), 2603-2615. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2034577
Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine (2021, August 27). Fact Sheet for Health Care Providers. Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine to prevent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Retrieved September 1, 2021, from https://www.fda.gov/media/146304/download
Jerald, S., Glenda, G., Vandebosch, A., Vicky, C., Georgi, S., et al. (2021). Safety and Efficacy of Single-Dose Ad26.COV2.S Vaccine against Covid-19. The New England Journal of Medicine, 384, 2187-2201. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2101544
Jerald, S., Mathieu, L. G., Georgi, S., Dirk, H., Carla, T., et al. (2021). Interim Results of a Phase 1–2a Trial of Ad26.COV2.S Covid-19 Vaccine. The New England Journal of Medicine, 384, 1824-1835. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2034201
Lisa Jackson, A., Evan Anderson, J., Nadine Rouphael, G., Paul Roberts, C., Mamodikoe, M., et al. (2020). An mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 — Preliminary Report. The New England Journal of Medicine, 383, 1920-1931. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2022483
Merryn, V., Sue Ann, C. C., Shabir Madhi, A., Lily Weckx, Y., Pedro Folegatti, M., et al. (2021). Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK. The Lancet, 397, 99–111. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(20)32661-1
Merryn, V., Sue Ann, C. C., Shabir Madhi, A., Lily Weckx, Y., Pedro Folegatti, M., et al. (2021). Single-dose administration and the influence of the timing of the booster dose on immunogenicity and efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine: a pooled analysis of four randomised trials. The Lancet, 397, 881–891. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(21)00432-3
Mine Durusu, T., Hamdi Levent, D., Murat, A., Hatice Rahmet, G., Alpay, A., et al. (2021). Efficacy and safety of an inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac): interim results of a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial in Turkey. The Lancet, 398, 213–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(21)01429-X
Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. (2020, December 28). Gam-COVID-Vac. Retrieved August 28, 2021, from https://www.fda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/12.-Proposed-Philippine-package-insert-Instruction-Eng.pdf
Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine -Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers Administering Vaccine (Vaccination Providers). (2021, August 27). Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine to prevent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Retrieved September 1, 2021, from https://www.fda.gov/media/144637/download
Novavax. (2021). Covid-19 Vaccine. Retrieved August 25, 2021, from https://www.drugs.com/pro/covid-19-vaccine-novavax.html
Paul Heath, T., Eva Galiza, P., David Baxter, N., Marta, B., Duncan, B., et al. (2021). Safety and Efficacy of NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine. The New England Journal of Medicine. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2107659
Pedro Folegatti, M., Katie Ewer, J., Parvinder Aley, K., Brian, A., Stephan, B., et al. (2020). Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 396, 467–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(20)31604-4
Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19-Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers Administering Vaccine (Vaccination Providers). (2021, September 22). Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine to Prevent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Retrieved September 4, 2021, from https://www.fda.gov/media/144413/download
Raches, E., Krishna Mohan, V., Harsh, J., Sai, P., Siddharth, R., et al. (2021). Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBV152: a double-blind, randomised, phase 1 trial. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 21(5), 637-646. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S1473-3099(20)30942-7
Raches, E., Siddarth, R., William, B., Varsha, P., Pragya, Y., et al. (2021). Efficacy, safety, and lot to lot immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBV152): a, double-blind, randomised, controlled phase 3 trial. medRxiv. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.30.21259439
Shengli, X., Yuntao, Z., Yanxia, W., Hui, W., Yunkai, Y., et al. (2020). Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBIBP-CorV: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 trial. The Lancet Infectious Disease, 21(1), 39–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S1473-3099(20)30831-8
Sinopharm WHO. (2021, May 7). Interim recommendations for use of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine BIBP developed by China National Biotec Group (CNBG), Interim guidance by WHO. Retrieved August 25, 2021, from https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/341251/WHO-2019-nCoV-vaccines-SAGE-recommendation-BIBP-2021.1-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Sinovac Life Sciences Co., Ltd. (2021, February 22). Report on Evaluation of Safety, Efficacy and Quality of CoronaVac COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero Cell) Inactivated. Retrieved August 25, 2021, from https://www.fhb.gov.hk/download/our_work/health/201200/e_evaluation_report_CoronaVac.pdf
Taufik, M., Kevinkumar, K., Hardik, P., Sunil, S., Bhumika, S., et al. (2021). Safety and Immunogenicity of a DNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (ZyCoV-D): Results of an open-label, non-randomized phase I part of phase I/II clinical study by intradermal route in healthy subjects in India. EClinicalMedicine, 38(101020), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101020
Zydus Cadila. (2021, August 20). Zydus receives EUA from DCGI for ZyCoV-D, the only needle-free COVID vaccine in the world. Press Release. Retrieved August 31, 2021, from https://www.zyduscadila.com/public/pdf/pressrelease/Press%20Release-Zydus-receives-EUA-from-DCGI-for-ZyCoV-D.pdf
Astrazeneca Canada Inc. (2021, September 15). Product Monograph Including Patient Medication Information Astrazeneca Covid-19 Vaccine (Chadox1-S [Recombinant]). Retrieved September 20, 2021, from https://covid-vaccine.canada.ca/info/pdf/astrazeneca-covid-19-vaccine-pm-en.pdf
Ayan, D., Chozhavel Rajanathan, T. M., Harish, C., Hari Pericherla, P. R., Sanjeev, K., et al. (2021). Immunogenic potential of DNA vaccine candidate, ZyCoV-D against SARS-CoV-2 in animal models. Vaccine, 39 (30), 4108-4116. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.vaccine.2021.05.098
Baden, L. R., El Sahly, H. M., Essink, B,, Kotloff, K., Frey, S., Novak, R., et al. (2021). Efficacy and Safety of the mRNA-1273 SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine. The New England Journal of Medicine, 384(5), 403-416. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2035389
Bharat Biotech International Ltd.(2021, January 15). Covaxin- Summary of Product Characteristics. Retrieved August 29, 2021, from https://cdsco.gov.in/opencms/export/sites/CDSCO_WEB/en/COVAXIN-SMPC_-BBIL.pdf
Denis Logunov, Y., Inna Dolzhikova, V., Olga Zubkova, V., Amir, Tukhvatullin I., Dmitry Shcheblyakov, V., et al. (2020). Safety and immunogenicity of an rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine in two formulations: two open, non-randomised phase ½ studies from Russia. The Lancet, 396(10255), 887-897. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)31866-3
Denis Logunov, Y., Inna Dolzhikova, V., Dmitry Shcheblyakov, V., Amir Tukhvatulin, I., Olga VZubkova, V., et al. (2021). Safety and efficacy of a rAd26 and rAd5 vector-based heterologous prime-boost COVID-19 vaccine: an interim analysis of a randomised controlled phase 3 trial in Russia. The Lancet, 397, 671-681. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(21)00234-8
Dr. Reddy’s SPUTNIK V Gam-COVID-Vac. (2021, April 1). Summary of Product Characteristics. Retrieved August 28, 2021, from https://cdsco.gov.in/opencms/resources/UploadCDSCOWeb/2018/UploadSmPC/SMPCsputinikdr.Reddys.pdf
Edward Walsh, E., Robert, F., Ann Falsey, R., Nicholas, K., Judith, A., et al. (2020). RNA-Based COVID-19 Vaccine BNT162b2 Selected for a Pivotal Efficacy Study. The New England Journal of Medicine, 383, 2439-2450. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2027906
EMA AstraZeneca. (2021, January 29). Report on- AstraZeneca, COVID 19 Vaccine (ChAdOx1 S [recombinant]). Retrieved August 29, 2021, from https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca-product-information-approved-chmp-29-january-2021-pending-endorsement_en.pdf
EMA Vaxzevria. (2021, August). Report on Vaxzevria COVID-19 Vaccine (ChAdOx1-S [recombinant]). Retrieved August 29, 2021, from https://www.ema.europa.eu/en/documents/product-information/vaxzevria-previously-covid-19-vaccine-astrazeneca-epar-product-information_en.pdf
Fernando Polack, P., Stephen Thomas, J., Nicholas, K., Judith, A., Alejandra, G., et al. (2020). Safety and Efficacy of the BNT162b2 mRNA Covid-19 Vaccine. The New England Journal of Medicine, 383(27), 2603-2615. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2034577
Janssen COVID-19 Vaccine (2021, August 27). Fact Sheet for Health Care Providers. Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of the Janssen COVID-19 vaccine to prevent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Retrieved September 1, 2021, from https://www.fda.gov/media/146304/download
Jerald, S., Glenda, G., Vandebosch, A., Vicky, C., Georgi, S., et al. (2021). Safety and Efficacy of Single-Dose Ad26.COV2.S Vaccine against Covid-19. The New England Journal of Medicine, 384, 2187-2201. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2101544
Jerald, S., Mathieu, L. G., Georgi, S., Dirk, H., Carla, T., et al. (2021). Interim Results of a Phase 1–2a Trial of Ad26.COV2.S Covid-19 Vaccine. The New England Journal of Medicine, 384, 1824-1835. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2034201
Lisa Jackson, A., Evan Anderson, J., Nadine Rouphael, G., Paul Roberts, C., Mamodikoe, M., et al. (2020). An mRNA Vaccine against SARS-CoV-2 — Preliminary Report. The New England Journal of Medicine, 383, 1920-1931. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2022483
Merryn, V., Sue Ann, C. C., Shabir Madhi, A., Lily Weckx, Y., Pedro Folegatti, M., et al. (2021). Safety and efficacy of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine (AZD1222) against SARS-CoV-2: an interim analysis of four randomised controlled trials in Brazil, South Africa, and the UK. The Lancet, 397, 99–111. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(20)32661-1
Merryn, V., Sue Ann, C. C., Shabir Madhi, A., Lily Weckx, Y., Pedro Folegatti, M., et al. (2021). Single-dose administration and the influence of the timing of the booster dose on immunogenicity and efficacy of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 (AZD1222) vaccine: a pooled analysis of four randomised trials. The Lancet, 397, 881–891. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(21)00432-3
Mine Durusu, T., Hamdi Levent, D., Murat, A., Hatice Rahmet, G., Alpay, A., et al. (2021). Efficacy and safety of an inactivated whole-virion SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CoronaVac): interim results of a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial in Turkey. The Lancet, 398, 213–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(21)01429-X
Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation. (2020, December 28). Gam-COVID-Vac. Retrieved August 28, 2021, from https://www.fda.gov.ph/wp-content/uploads/2021/03/12.-Proposed-Philippine-package-insert-Instruction-Eng.pdf
Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine -Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers Administering Vaccine (Vaccination Providers). (2021, August 27). Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of the Moderna COVID-19 Vaccine to prevent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Retrieved September 1, 2021, from https://www.fda.gov/media/144637/download
Novavax. (2021). Covid-19 Vaccine. Retrieved August 25, 2021, from https://www.drugs.com/pro/covid-19-vaccine-novavax.html
Paul Heath, T., Eva Galiza, P., David Baxter, N., Marta, B., Duncan, B., et al. (2021). Safety and Efficacy of NVX-CoV2373 Covid-19 Vaccine. The New England Journal of Medicine. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1056/NEJMoa2107659
Pedro Folegatti, M., Katie Ewer, J., Parvinder Aley, K., Brian, A., Stephan, B., et al. (2020). Safety and immunogenicity of the ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 vaccine against SARS-CoV-2: a preliminary report of a phase 1/2, single-blind, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 396, 467–478. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S0140-6736(20)31604-4
Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19-Fact Sheet for Healthcare Providers Administering Vaccine (Vaccination Providers). (2021, September 22). Emergency Use Authorization (EUA) of the Pfizer-BioNTech COVID-19 Vaccine to Prevent Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Retrieved September 4, 2021, from https://www.fda.gov/media/144413/download
Raches, E., Krishna Mohan, V., Harsh, J., Sai, P., Siddharth, R., et al. (2021). Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBV152: a double-blind, randomised, phase 1 trial. The Lancet Infectious Diseases, 21(5), 637-646. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S1473-3099(20)30942-7
Raches, E., Siddarth, R., William, B., Varsha, P., Pragya, Y., et al. (2021). Efficacy, safety, and lot to lot immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (BBV152): a, double-blind, randomised, controlled phase 3 trial. medRxiv. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1101/2021.06.30.21259439
Shengli, X., Yuntao, Z., Yanxia, W., Hui, W., Yunkai, Y., et al. (2020). Safety and immunogenicity of an inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccine, BBIBP-CorV: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 1/2 trial. The Lancet Infectious Disease, 21(1), 39–51. https://doi.org/10.1016/ S1473-3099(20)30831-8
Sinopharm WHO. (2021, May 7). Interim recommendations for use of the inactivated COVID-19 vaccine BIBP developed by China National Biotec Group (CNBG), Interim guidance by WHO. Retrieved August 25, 2021, from https://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/handle/10665/341251/WHO-2019-nCoV-vaccines-SAGE-recommendation-BIBP-2021.1-eng.pdf?sequence=1&isAllowed=y
Sinovac Life Sciences Co., Ltd. (2021, February 22). Report on Evaluation of Safety, Efficacy and Quality of CoronaVac COVID-19 Vaccine (Vero Cell) Inactivated. Retrieved August 25, 2021, from https://www.fhb.gov.hk/download/our_work/health/201200/e_evaluation_report_CoronaVac.pdf
Taufik, M., Kevinkumar, K., Hardik, P., Sunil, S., Bhumika, S., et al. (2021). Safety and Immunogenicity of a DNA SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (ZyCoV-D): Results of an open-label, non-randomized phase I part of phase I/II clinical study by intradermal route in healthy subjects in India. EClinicalMedicine, 38(101020), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.eclinm.2021.101020
Zydus Cadila. (2021, August 20). Zydus receives EUA from DCGI for ZyCoV-D, the only needle-free COVID vaccine in the world. Press Release. Retrieved August 31, 2021, from https://www.zyduscadila.com/public/pdf/pressrelease/Press%20Release-Zydus-receives-EUA-from-DCGI-for-ZyCoV-D.pdf
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How to Cite
Chatki, P., & Tabassum, S. (2021). Juxtaposition on Discrete Covid-19 Vaccines: For Rudimentary and Pivotal Cognizance. International Journal of Advancement in Life Sciences Research, 4(4), 1-6. https://doi.org/https://doi.org/10.31632/ijalsr.2021.v04i04.001
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